Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geomática
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/2334
2024-03-29T07:08:07ZMudanças de uso e cobertura da terra na microbacia hidrográfica do Arroio Grande, Santa Maria-RS
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/29346
Mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra na microbacia hidrográfica do Arroio Grande, Santa Maria-RS
Zorzi, Cícero
Pereira, Rudiney Soares
The issues of land use changes and land covering have attracted interests,
both inside and outside the scientific community, due to the accelerated process and
potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts of these changes, which cause
concerns at various scales from local to global. In this context, this study aims to
evaluate the evolution of land use in the river basin of the Arroio Grande of Santa
Maria-RS, between the years 1987 to 2009 (twenty-three years), considering six
types of land use (forests, fields, agriculture, irrigated agriculture, bare soil and water
depths), based on images from CBERS 2B, bands 2, 3 and 4, orbit 160, point 133,
and Landsat 5 and 7 orbit 233, point 080, bands 3, 4 and 5. The Geographic
Information System - SPRING 4.3.3 was used for analysis. The images of CBERS 2B
and Landsat 5 and 7 provided an excellent database for the supervised classification
resulting in thematic maps of Use and Land Covering of each period. The results of
the different soil for each period by supervised classification varied widely showing
growth deficits and for each use of one period to another, being associated with the
image data used. Furthermore, this study of land use change and land covering has
to contribute in assisting local managers, as mayors, local and regional government
agencies, to establish policies to minimize negative impacts to the environment, for
example, deforestation, and the recovery of some areas, in other words using the
earth more sustainable possible through a good planning. Keywords: land use and
covering, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System, multitemporal data,
Watershed.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Dissertação
2011-12-22T00:00:00ZRefinamento do modelo geoidal brasileiro para o sul do estado de Santa Catarina
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/29323
Refinamento do modelo geoidal brasileiro para o sul do estado de Santa Catarina
Silveira, Leonard Niero da
Pereira, Rudiney Soares
The developed work shows a methodology for the correction and consequently, the refinement
of the values of the Brazilian geoidal model, using the geometrical geodesy as tool for the
minimization of on inherent problem in physical geodesy, having as a study southern region of State
of Santa Catarina. It was located in the region, apexes of the net of geometrical leveling the was
introduced by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistic - IBGE and it was entranced, through
the constituent constellations of the GNSS, the ellipsoidal heights originating from the net of geodetic
Brazilian reference (Brazilian Net of Continuous Observing and geodetic state planimetric net). The
difference between the elipsoidal height and the orthometric height for each reference of level getting
itself the value of the undulations of geoid for each place. Deducting these values from the extracted
geoidal height of the Brazilian geopotential model MapGeo2004, the values of the differences had
been gotten where a model of correction by means of the geoestatistic technique of esteem values of
the kriging was generated, except eleven references of level that they had constituted the points of
control for the evaluation of the final model. The result of the geoestatistic treatment was a coefficient
of correlation of Pearson of 0,998, in other words, a degree of rightness of 99,8% in the esteem of the
values. A model of the Brazilian geoidal map in the south of Santa Catarina was generated extracting
the values of the geoidal height, creating a mesh with amplitud of 30” x30” of arc, having the
coincident values of grating with the values of the grating of the correction model. It was applied a
correction to the Brazilian geoidal model getting a precision of 0,008 m against 0,627 m of the
previous model. To ratify the reached result, one compared the values of the fine model with models
MapGeo2010, EGM96 and EGM2008. It was verified that the fine model is coming close to the values
of the EGM2008, with average difference of 0,123 m. Also it was carried through a geometric leveling
with origin and closing in a level reference, carrying through the transport of the ortometric heights for
two points tracked with technique GNSS and calculated ortometric heights from the fine model, the
difference between the two methods was of -0,0018 m and 0,0047 m for colon respectively, ratifying
the reached results.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Dissertação
2010-06-18T00:00:00ZAnálise da biologia reprodutiva em Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Fabaceae)
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/28486
Análise da biologia reprodutiva em Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Fabaceae)
Alves, Eudes Maria Stiehl
Corder, Maisa Pimentel Martins
The black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild., Fabaceae) is one tree species
cultivated in Rio Grande do Sul since the middle of the 1930decade. It is a species
that presents a great ecological importance because of its fast growth and high
potencial for degraded soils recovery. Besides, the black wattle cultivation provides a
broad range of products for the chemical industry. Due to these reasons, it is a
species that have been widely cultivated in this state since its introduction. Nowadays
the cultivated area is estimated above 160.000 ha and distributed principally in small
properties. Although it has a considerable economic importance, the expansion of the
cultivated area of A. mearnsii has been limited mainly due to of the lack of genetically
superior seeds. Then, perform decisions to control crossings by a program of genetic
improvement for black wattle has been justified. The knowledge of reproductive
biology in forest tree species is very important to programs of genetic improvement,
because it provides knowledge on the pattern of kinship among individuals a given
population. So, the aim of this study was analyze some aspects of the reproductive
biology in A. mearnsii.
The study of phenology has being considered an important tool for the
comprehension of strategies developed by plants for species prepetuation. Moreover,
its information has permited the developmet of strategies of management, forest
resources conservation, genetic improvement and the intensive monitoring of climate
changes and its reflexes on vegetation. Nowadays the association of remote sensing
technology with phenological information has permited the rapid analysis of
ecosystems dynamic, the monitoring of the advances of areas of human occupation,
a differentiation of vegetational physionomies and the performing of decisions in
terms of biomass production, by the utilization of information related to the
reflectance of the target in length of waves of the red visible region and that of the adjacent infrared. Through this revision it was verified the importance of phenological
analysis in studies that aim to comprehend the events linked to life cycle of plants
and its interaction with the environment. Moreover, this it now leoked for information
on the efficiency of the interaction of phenological studies and the remote sensing
technology for the analysis of forest ecosystems dynamic.
Throughout the analysis of germination in vitro and of viability by the
colorimeter method it was evaluated the contribution of male gametes of trees of one
seed production area for the fecundation of black wattle. In the germplasm evaluated
it was observed a high germination mean (73%). However, the pollen tube emission
mean was low (23%). In the other hand, the viability observed by the colorimeter
method was high (100% of viable polyads in five trees), indicating that the
colorimeter method have superestimated the real viability. The flowering and
fructification of Acacia mearnsii De Wild were analyzed in trees of a provenanceprogeny
test and in a commercial plantation in the years of 2001 and 2002. By the
index of activity it was verified the existence of a synchronous formation of flowerbuds,
in the provenance-progeny test (in 2001, 92.8% and in 2002, 70%) as soon as
in the commercial plantation (in 2002, 97%). The opening of flowers was also
synchronic in the provenance-progeny test (in 2001, 85.6% and in 2002, 66%) and in
the commercial plantation (in 2002, 78%). The formation of fruits was synchronic and
occurred immediately after the top of flowers opening. The period of development
and maturation of fruits was completed in twelve months, followed by the dispersion
of seeds. The Morisita Index confirmed the seasonality of the phenological events.
The stigma receptivity of A. mearnsii was analysed in different trees of one seed
production area and were compared the periods of stigma receptivity and of pollen
viability in many phases of flower opening. It was used the colorimeter method of
Baker’s reagent to indicate the receptivity and the viability. The analyses were
conducted in completely randomized design and the χ² statistic was used to verify the
significance of the events studied. It was observed the receptivity in the beginning of
flower opening (71%), reaching the total receptivity (100%) at the anthesis. It was
detected pollen viability in the beginning of anthesis (77%) and in the total flower
opening (88%). In the stage of senescence there were detected receptive stigmas
(50%) and viable polyads (23%). To investigate the possibility of occurrence of seed
production by selfing were used trees of one commercial plantation in the year of
2004. Through the index of self-incompatibility it was identified the existence of cross pollination in the majority of the events (ISI=0.134). Through the ANOVA it was
detected significant difference between isolation (cellophane and tissue-no-tissue)
and absence of isolation of the inflorescences. Treatment means comparision was
performed through Tuckey’s test. The open pollination fruit formation was superior
( X = 157.9 ), followed by the isolation of tissue-no-tissue bags ( X = 11.8 ) and by
cellophane bags ( X = 10.5 ).
There were evidences that the ability of germination of the polyads was
influenced by the genotype, suggesting that one of the factors that contributes for the
restrict formation of seeds could be the crossing among related individuals, fact
reforced by the analysis of self-incompatibility, that evidenced the presence of
mechanisms of selfing prevention in the germplasm evaluated. There is
superposition of pollen viability and female receptivity stages, what increases
chances of selfing. Fecundation is not limited by receptive stigmas in the
inflorescences, because the majority of the trees analysed in the seed production
area contributed completely with receptive stigmas.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Dissertação
2007-04-04T00:00:00ZPedagogos e a construção do conhecimento sobre alfabetização cartográfica nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23899
Pedagogos e a construção do conhecimento sobre alfabetização cartográfica nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Budel, Marli Rosa
Pereira Filho, Waterloo
The present work makes a theoretical approach relating different areas of the knowledge as the Geography, Cartography and Psychology. The students'
indifference about Geography discipline is noticed in the last years of the Fundamental Teaching, where the same has wide dimension out of the classroom and it is present in the students' day by day. With that intention the student’s teacher has a fundamental paper in the process of construction of the knowledge. He is the mediator between the student and the contents, promoting the interaction of the same ones. The best form of diagnosing the root of the problem took us to the contact with students educators of Santa Maria's Federal University that study the 8th
semester and they were accomplishing their apprenticeships close to the students of the years begin of the Fundamental Teaching. The several works of professionals'
researches that study subjects related to the cartographic literacy importance, considered as basic notions for the geographical learning. The research data were
obtained through the application of questionnaires. With that, we obtain a lot of
information that allowed a quantitative analysis of the results through tables. Those data were systematized with the concern of the students’ educators' reality knowing
in formation. The necessary basic prerequisites development for the map understanding elements were noticed with certain deficiency by part of the futures
professional starting from the analysis. Through the activities evaluation was noticed
that in spite of the educators to have a small notion ABOUT THE cartographic literacy observed in the program of one of the disciplines of the course, they still have
a lot of difficulties in relating with the practice the one that are submitted. It was noticed that the presented gaps happen during the formation process and it feels in
function maybe for the lack of a discipline that develops the practice relating the theory. Therefore, the indifference verified among the students of the final years
happens due the notions about cartographic literacy was not overcome in the initial years. The work is divided in four way that in the first is the introduction, the second
treat of the respectively in the theoretical fundamentation (The Geographical space and the Cartography; Map Elements; the child’s built space motion and his
development); the methodology ( the research type and the Pedagogy course; material and method); the analysis of result and the final considerations.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Dissertação
2009-03-02T00:00:00Z