Desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de matrizes de corte alimentadas com dietas contendo doses crescentes de aflatoxinas

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the dietary Aflatoxin (AFL) effects in broiler breeder hens on productive and reproductive aspects. This study evaluated the residual effect of dietary AFL on subsequent broiler chicks performance. These trials were conducted on Poultry Laboratory (LAVIC) of Animal Husbandry Department at Federal University of Santa Maria. The Micotoxins Research Laboratory (LAPEMI) was partnership and made all AFL in ingredients and diet as well as produced the AFL used in this research. In the first trial 500 broiler breeder hens and 60 males (COBB 500) were used, housed in floor pens with wood shave. This experiment was conducted from April to October of 2003 (48th to 54th weeks of age). Up to 49th weeks of age all birds were fed with basal diet free of AFL, according To LAPEMI. From 49 to 53 wk of age the birds were fed according to the treatments and after were submited to free AFL basal diet. The experimental design were a enteirelly randomized with 4 treatments with five replicates with 28 birds each. The treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 were diets with 0, 250, 500 e 750 ppb of AFL in the diets. The levels of 250 and 750 ppb on broiler breeders diets had not significant effect (P>0.05) on egg production, body weight, specific gravity, percentage of shell and albumen of eggs. The progeny originating from broiler breeders hens fed with 250 and 500 ppb of AFL in the diets had baby chicks with poor quality. A second experiment was conducted to analyze the progeny performance of birds originated from broiler breeders of the first experiment. This experiment was conducted in three Petersime batteries in a temperature controlled room from 1 to 21 days of age. The experimental design was enteirelly with 4 treatments with 8 repicates with 8 birds each, only males were used. The data were submited to variance analysis and after, when the presented significant differences, Tukey Test 5% was applied. At 7 days of age an expressive negative effect was observed in birds originated from broiler breeder hens fed with dietary AFL. It was observed in this seven days that birds originated form hens fed with 250, 500 or 750 ppb of AFL in the diets had lower body weight and body weight gain than birds originated from breeders fed with a diet free of AFL. At 21 days of age the performance of birds was similar (P>0.05). The AFL levels in the broiler breeder diets affected significantly the broiler chicks mortality (P<0.05) and linear effect was observed at 7 and 21 days of age.