Efeito in vitro do polimorfismo ala16val do gene da superóxido dismutase dependente de manganês no metabolismo oxidativo de linfócitos

Abstract

Epidemiological studies suggest that the imbalance in antioxidant enzymes activity genetically caused, increases the risk of metabolic disorders and chronic noncommunicable diseases. This is the case of polymorphism that occurs in an substitution of Alanine (A) by a Valine (V) at codon 16 of the gene for superoxide dismutase manganese-dependent (Ala16Val-SOD2). The A allele has a higher efficiency of catalysis than allele V. However, this efficiency increases the levels of H2O2 leading to a consequent oxidative imbalance that, in turn, increases the risk of cancer. Furthermore, the V allele that presents a smaller efficiecy SOD2 is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiometabolic. Therefore, Ala16VALSOD2 polymorphism serves as a model for in vitro analysis of differential responses to pro and antioxidants factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro response of lymphocytes culture with different genotypes (AA, VV and AV) from healthy subjects exposed to ultraviolet (UV) is a pro-oxidant factor. In lymphocyte not exposed and UV exposed it was analyzed the cytotoxic variables (cell viability, mitotic index), biomarkers of oxidative metabolism (lipid peroxidation, enzymatic activity of SOD, catalase, thiol groups, protein carbonylation, total polyphenols and ascorbic acid) and genotoxic effects (by Comet Assay and chromosomal instability). The results showed that cells carrying the AA genotype had higher cell viability and mitotic index. However, after UV exposure such viability was similar between genotypes. At baseline levels higher SOD and total polyphenol levels were observed in AA genotype when compared to the VV genotype. However, lymphocytes AA had higher rates of DNA damage in the presence of UV radiation. These results suggest that the polymorphism Ala16Val-SOD2 may differentially affect the toxicity factors such as UV radiation.