Efeitos de diferentes tratamentos com atorvastatina sobre as convulsões induzidas por pentilenotetrazol

Abstract

Statins are inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3-metil-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway for cholesterol synthesis. Several studies have shown that statins, particularly atorvastatin, are neuroprotective in several conditions, including stroke, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury and exposure to excitatory amino acids. However, only a few studies have investigated whether statins modulate seizure activity. In the current study we investigated whether atorvastatin or simvastatin alters seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a classic convulsant agent, GABAA antagonist. Treatment of adult male Wistar rats orally with atorvastatin 10 mg/kg/day for seven days increased the latency to PTZ-induced generalized-seizures. In contrast, when the treatment with atorvastatin was withheld for 24 h (statin withdrawal), seizures were facilitated, evidenced by a decrease in latency for clonic and generalized-seizures. Such effect was not seen with a similar treatment using simvastatin or an acute treatment using a single dose of simvastatin or atorvastatin (10 mg/kg; 30 min before on PTZ). Interestingly, the effects of atorvastatin treatment or withdrawal were not accompanied by changes in plasma or the cerebral cortex cholesterol levels or in the of blood-brain barrier permeability. The atorvastatin levels in plasma and cortex after seven days of treatment were above the IC50 for inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, whereas atorvastatin was not detectable in the plasma or cortex following 24 hours of the end of treatment. We conclude that treatment with atorvastatin and its withdrawal exert differential effects on PTZ-induced seizures, which are not related to changes in plasma or cerebral cortex levels or in the blood-brain barrier permeability. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying these findings as well as its clinical implications.