Controle e supervisão de fonte ininterrupta de energia híbrida

Abstract

This work presents contributions to the modeling, control and management of an hybrid uninterrupted power supply (UPS) based on Otto cycle power generator set and lead acid battery bank. The proposed configuration is called hybrid due to the presence of two energy storage elements: i) the fuel fed the Otto cycle internal combustion engine (ICE) of the generator set and ii) a lead acid battery bank, which can be recharged from the grid or from the generator. With the hybridization it is possible to add up the advantages of UPS’s such as uninterrupted power supply and high output energy quality with the advantages of power generator sets, such as high autonomy and lower installation cost for high autonomy. In addition, with the hybrid topology it is possible to explore degrees of freedom that do not exist in the independent configurations, such as: i) variable speed operation and ii) start-stop operation of the MCI in order to reduce consumption/ emissions in lower loads, (iii) use of Otto cycle engine with lower cost in relation to a Diesel ICE. The hybrid UPS is composed of an Otto cycle internal combustion engine (ICE), a three-phase/three-wire rectifier, which can be connected via contactors to the grid, or to the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a battery bank connected to the DC bus through a bi-directional boost converter, and a three-phase/four-wire inverter at the output. Experimental results are provided indicating that variable speed operation can achieve a reduction of up to 32% in specific fuel consumption, depending on the load range. For start-stop operation, the reduction in specific fuel consumption can reach up to 39%, depending on the load range.