Modelo de mensuração da competitividade em empresas de base tecnológica na perspectiva do comportamento empreendedor do gestor diante do ciclo organizacional do negócio

Abstract

The topic of entrepreneurship, emerging and current, is considered as the ideal vehicle to innovate, increase productivity and improve business models. The research focused on the entrepreneurial activity and its unfolding has been valued as one of the main bases of economic growth and the generation of employment and income in the present time. At the center of this theme is the figure of the entrepreneur who, for researchers in this area, is an important element to be studied in the organizational context, since its behavioral characteristics can be altered and affected by changes in the environment and by the different stages experienced in its business. It is then perceived that the speed of economic and technological changes in the social environment and in the business world requires the entrepreneur increasingly adaptive capacities to maintain competitiveness. This study focused on technology-based companies - EBTs - inserted in incubators located in the extreme south of Rio Grande do Sul. This type of business has high technology, based on innovative principles and processes, unpublished or not, formed to manufacture products or services technologically. The objective of this doctoral thesis was to propose a model capable of measuring and evaluating the competitiveness in technology-based companies in the perspective of the manager's entrepreneurial behavior in the different stages of the business organizational cycle, and for the conception of this thematic axes were addressed: companies technological basis, business organizational cycle, entrepreneurial behavior, competitiveness, performance measurement system and multicriteria elements for decision making. From the general objective, we used the quantitative and qualitative approaches, of the exploratory and descriptive type, based on an empirical research based on the individual. Two data collection instruments were applied, a structured questionnaire based on McClelland's CCEs (1987) to the 31 managers of the EBTs mapped to the survey, and a semi-structured interview script for a sample of 11 managers. The data were treated using the Performance Measurement System Key Performance Indicators method, using elements of the Hierarchical Analysis of Processes in a multicriteria approach, where the criteria were analyzed in paired form, also the technique of content analysis and triangulation of data. The EBTs were classified within the stages of the organizational cycle and at the end, the study demonstrated by means of a model that the competitiveness of EBT can be measured and evaluated in the perspective of the entrepreneurial behavior and that the characteristics of this behavior, in different intensities, were the factors that interfered in the competitiveness outcome. The data added in the proposed and developed model resulted in the index of entrepreneurial behavior of that manager investigated, and most of them presented high or full intensity of SCCs, and this index being correlated with the levels of competitiveness, assigning the same results in a corresponding scale , was evidenced at the N4 level for all stages, meaning that the EBTs were considered fully competitive in the behavioral perspective because their managers presented behaviors aligned with the characteristics of the entrepreneurial behavior both in the quantitative approach and in the sample of the qualitative approach. The identification of the more or less predominant behaviors by stage of the cycle were the guiding principles of competitiveness and this identification tends to improve the own management that reflects directly in the decision making. Thus, the importance of this research was mainly due to the opportunity to develop a specific model of measurement of intangible and by the possibility of the manager to better understand their performance and their actions reflected through their behavior. This understanding can develop skills, strengthen skills, address gaps, seek improvements, reduce uncertainties, favor the success of the business itself and contribute to the economic growth and development of the environment in which EBT is embedded.