Risco de apneia do sono em pacientes com psoríase avaliados pelo escore STOP-Bang: um estudo transversal

Abstract

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by erythematous and scaly skin lesions, with a great impact on the patient’s quality of life. There are reports suggesting poor sleep quality and an increased risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in patients with psoriasis. Objective: The objectives were to investigate the risk of OSA in a sample of patients with psoriasis using the STOP-Bang questionnaire. We also sought to correlate the severity of psoriasis with the risk of apnea. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample was selected sequentially and for convenience. The association between categorical variables was verified with Pearson's Chi-square and Fischer's Exact tests, and Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used to assess the relationships between continuous variables. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: One-hundred and four patients were selected, 51 male, with a mean age of 51.7 ± 14.8 years. The average body mass index was 29.3 ± 5.0 kg/m². Hypertension was present in 38 (36.5%) and diabetes in 19 (18.3%) patients. The psoriasis was controlled at the evaluation in 87 (83.7%) patients, according to a PASI score below 10 points. Regarding the risk for sleep apnea, 36 (34.6%) were at high risk, 28 (26.9%) were at intermediate risk and 40 (38.5%) were at low risk. There was no significant correlation between the severity of psoriasis and the risk of apnea accessed by the STOP-Bang score (p = 0.6). Conclusions: The present study suggests an increased prevalence in high and intermediate risk scores for sleep apnea in population with psoriasis. No association between the severity of psoriasis and the risk of apnea was observed. Prospective studies are necessary, ideally correlating the STOP-Bang with polysomnography.