Aplicação de modelos de eficiência e eficácia para a agropecuária brasileira: mapeamento de municípios e regiões por meio de um painel de dados nas décadas de 1990 e 2000

Abstract

The terms efficiency and effectiveness cause much controversy within the perspective of management. Merely to understand the concepts of efficiency or effectiveness separately is not enough. This is because both are closely related, and in many cases it is possible to establish relations of cause and effect between them. This discussion can be analyzed from the perspective of agricultural activities in Brazil, a sector that has relevance in the Brazilian context and in which the discussions between efficiency and effectiveness are incipient. From this, the aim of this study was to analyze the performance of the Brazilian agricultural activity through the application of models of efficiency and effectiveness in the cities and regions of Brazil through the use of a data panel in the decades of 1990 and 2000. In this sense, the division was made in three stages. The first is exploratory, the second stage aims at analyzing models of efficiency and effectiveness in the Brazilian agricultural activities at two different time periods, using the DEA for efficiency and the analysis of indices for effectiveness, both models were applied in Brazilian municipalities. The third and final stage of this study was to determine whether the results of efficiency and effectiveness are related, based on the premise of checking if the efficiency was related to effectiveness. Thereafter, a regression analysis was carried out using panel data to statistically verify if this relation was corroborated or refuted. Thus, regarding the agricultural efficiency, it is noteworthy the high levels of agricultural efficiency, especially among the states of São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Goiás, Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais. The most concerning regions regarding the aspect of agricultural efficiency in the periods analyzed are the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Piauí and Tocantins. In relation to the effectiveness aspect, the states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Espirito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso are prominent, highlighting the importance of this activity for the Southeast, South and Midwest regions. The lowest agricultural efficiency values in the analyzed periods are for the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Piauí and Paraíba, reflecting the difficulties of the North and Northeast regions in relation to agricultural efficiency. Finally, the model of panel data analysis supported the hypothesis of the study, demonstrating that the agricultural efficiency is a way to achieve effectiveness in this activity.