Dinâmica da matéria orgânica em agroecossistemas submetidos a queima e manejos dos resíduos culturais

Abstract

The use of fire as pasture management has been object of intense argue, although it has many effects in soil and environment quality. In the ground, the most expressive effect occurs on the organic matter (OM), by combustion, or indirectly acting on the soil fauna. Another consequence of fire is a production of a biologic inactive carbon (BIC), this coal remains in the soil free of the action of the biologic activity. Therefore, this coal is not used as energy, and consequently it didn t improve soil quality. Another environment negative effect of burning crop residues is the emission of C as CO2 and other gases that causing greenhouse effect. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the burning in the organic matter dynamic in agroecossistems. The present study was carried out in two sites with natural pastures located in Rio Grande do Sul State, the first one was in Andre da Rocha under a Rhodic Hapludox with approximately hundred years of burning use and another one in Santa Maria under a Arenic Hapludalf. Another site was located in Campos Novos (SC), under a Rhodic Kandiudox where burning was used to management residues of annual crops. The main evaluations were field soil respiration, carbon and total nitrogen, fractionation of the organic matter (> and < 53mm) and aggregate water stability. In the three studies the use of fire affected the total carbon and nitrogen soil content. Even the organic matter associate to the fraction < 53mm was affected by burning