O funcionamento da metáfora no jornalismo de revista: temas sindicais em Veja e revista do Brasil

Abstract

The thesis aims at investigating the functioning of metaphor in journalism. We seek to establish an analytical bridge between metaphor as a figure of speech and the concept of metaphor as metaphorical process, whose author is Michel Pêcheux. Thus, we undertook our research from two distinct sites of speech: Veja magazine (Abril publisher) and Revista do Brazil (Attitude publisher). It was investigated how metaphor - discursive artifice - travels between paraphrastic and polysemic (stabilization or breaking of an order of senses) poles when narrating trade union issues, and verifying if this movement redounds in stimulating authoritative profile of journalistic discourse or introduces controversy. Specific objectives include: studying the speech site of the two publications; checking what are the meanings produced by the metaphors on trade union issues in the two vehicles; analyzing the functioning of metaphors, watching the traffic of your senses between paraphrase and polysemy; and point out the consequences of this performance for the journalistic discourse: or narrowing of a possible authoritarian condition or establishment of controversy. Shielded in the French Discourse Analysis, which was applied to a corpus comprising a total of 52 reports aired between July 2006 and July 2014, we confirm that metaphors are not just simple aesthetic element of journalism. The senses produced promote two types of functioning in both vehicles. In the first type, they reiterate paraphrastic Families and Discursive formations, which are already present in excerpts without metaphors, namely FD1 - disqualifying Speech (Veja), FD3 Speech of Combative Unionism, FD4 - Speech of Negotiator Unionism, and FD5 speech of Defensive Unionism (the last three of Revista do Brasil). In the second type of functioning, they simplify the speech, framing it in advertising models. In Veja the advertising models are based on religious terminology, aggressive and healthcare; in the Revista do Brasil, advertising models are based on physiological, topographical and pathological terminologies. In both cases, we find that this scenario promoted by the metaphor, paralyzes the discourse on labor issues (in most cases), so that the movements are paraphrastic, which exacerbates the authoritarian condition of journalistic discourse.