Estudo experimental e simulado da cultura da soja em função de diferentes níveis de irrigação

Abstract

The efficient model preparation allows a crop forecast, better research strategies and the correct allocation of a determinate crop in an environment, according to weather conditions. With the techniques uses as the modeling, it is possible to create future scenarios using simulations, which use equations to represent a process. To achieve the high agricultural productive, there is a necessity to identify the production factors that limit the plants growth. The most part of the years, the rain frequency and its intensity in the soybean development period aren t enough to a crop shows its productive potential. So, the present research has as a purpose the application of a simulation model to the soybean crop in the region of Santiago RS, allowing to know the production response of many different water lengths. To accomplish the job it was necessary to develop an experimental proceeding to generate necessary datas to calibrate, test and apply a simulation model of water extraction from the soil and its respective response in the crop production. As experimental results, it was obtained variation in the growth and soybean crop development with the application of many different irrigation strategies, resulting in distinct productivities. The increase in the irrigation length provided an increment in the production components of the studied crops. The production model applied was able to simulate satisfactorily the total dry matter and the grain production to the soybean crop. The water balance components were influenced by different simulated irrigation strategies, and these influenced in the final productivity of the crop studied. The efficiency of the water use and the efficiency of the water application became less with the irrigation strategies increase. The production model application to the production functions showed that, the applied length since 800 mm caused a reduction in the production of soybean crop grains. The model showed itself as an important tool in the productive preview in irrigated conductions, showing the best strategies of irrigation that result in a high grain production.