Planejamento para comunidades rurais em situações de enchentes

Abstract

This thesis researched, in a watershed typically rural, ways to prevent the lack of mobility of the population, during and after flood events. Studies have also demonstrated the feasibility of developing a system to support civil defense, able to indicate safe areas from flooding scenarios, based on past occurrences. Floods happen when rainfall is extreme and triggers severe socioeconomic and environmental impacts, exacerbated by the lack of territorial planning-level watershed. The floods develop rapidly in space, especially in watersheds with headwaters in mountainous and downstream in floodplains. In such conditions, the rural population needs to be prepared as early as possible because the damage is aggravated by flooding or disruption on roads galleries and bridges. The method considered the stretches of roads that have been submerged, bridges, culverts, slabs, pencil bridges as well as those sites near the streams that were disrupted or blocked by the force of the current floods in the past. In these places the water left marks that were georeferenced and topographically leveled. This allowed delineate areas of flooding and correlate them to their cause rains recorded during the last fifty years. This approach allowed spatially simulate the effects of extreme rainfall, with intensities similar to those that have caused damage on the rural road network and thereby spatialize locations and sections of roads that can be submerged. Also identified strategic locations to monitor the level of water courses - the bridges. These locations were obtained odds of flooding that occurred in the last decade that have been applied in the adjustment of simulated inundation areas. The system has integrated the physical data of the basin, the delineation of wetlands and time series of precipitation and produced strategic information in situations of floods and flooding in a pilot basin in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul, confirming that its methodology fits the reality of rural watersheds.