Tamanho da amostra, distribuição espacial de corós de cereais de inverno e danos de curculionídeos das raízes da soja

Abstract

The occurrence of species of Escarabeídeos is mentioned in Rio Grande do Sul. Their larval stage coincides with the development of winter crops and pastures and the most cited in the literature are Diloboderus abderus Burm., 1826, Phyllophaga triticophaga Salvadori; Morón, 1998 Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914 and Demodema brevitarsis Blanchard, 1850 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae). Furthermore occurred in soybean fields, weevils of the genera Naupactus and Pantomorus, which can cause damage to the seeds and the roots of the crop, resulting in a decrease in plant population. The study aimed to determine whit use of geostatistical techniques the number of samples to characterize the spatial distribution of white grubs in crops of winter cereals (oats, rye grass and wheat), characterize, using geostatistics, the spatial distribution of larvae P. triticophaga in oats crops, and estimating the damage of larvae of weevils roots in soybean crop in Rio Grande do Sul. To estimate the number of samples to characterize the spatial distribution of larvae D. abderus and C. flavipennis was done in areas of winter cereals in eight municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. The geostatistical analysis was performed from experimental semivariograms, the adjustment was done by these theoretical models. To set the number of sampling points needed to estimate the populations of soil insects were considered the values of the ranges. The study aimed to characterize, using geostatistics, and still estimating the damage of larvae of weevils of root-crop soybeans in Rio Grande do Sul. The study on the spatial distribution of P. triticophaga was carried out under field of oats. The perimeter of the area was marked with receiver global positioning system, and sampling grid had dimensions of 60m x 60m. The population density was estimated opening a trench at each sample point. The analysis of spatial variability and spatial dependence were made by means of semivariogram and the map was generated from the data count of larvae in the field. The experiment on the damage caused by larvae of weevils-roots was conducted in an area belonging to the Federal University of Santa Maria. The larvae of the weevils-roots were the main plots at the time of soybean planting in four population levels, these being, zero, one, two and three larvae per plot. The criteria were evaluated, the influence of the larvae of weevils-roots in the initial population of soybean plants and crop productivity. The number of trenches per hectare for the characterization of the population of larvae of D. abderus and C. flavipennis in winter cereals is two and three trenches, respectively. The spatial distribution of P. triticophaga is aggregated and knowledge can improve pest management. Soybean yield decreases approximately 120 kg per hectare for each larva weevils of root-plus per square meter.