Efeitos do treinamento aeróbico no processo inflamatório e estresse oxidativo no córtex e músculo e a sua relação com exercícios à exaustão, bem como as adaptações causadas pelo treinamento aeróbico no fígado de ratos

Abstract

The regular practice of physical exercise is linked to a good life quality. However, each physical bout has consequences named reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, low-grade inflammation, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), impaired performance and the fatigue. Those factors cause adaptation on skeletal muscle, brain and liver and also, in a chronic practice, contribute to physical condition improvement and sport performance, causing an delay on fatigue. Besides, there are evidences for use of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSADs) with the objective of diminishing soreness and achieve the same objective. Considering that athletes get training with objective of improve their performance, principally in high intense and short duration exercises and because this could lead to soreness and low-grade inflammation, a great number of athletes uses NSADs to avoid diminishing performance. In this sense, the objective of this thesis was investigating the effects of aerobic training in rats on time to exhaustion in three exhaustive bouts. Inflammatory markers and ROS production acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity enzyme was investigate and how ibuprofen administration acts on same parameters, on DOMS and in exhaustive bouts in the cortex and muscle. Another objective was evaluated the training adaptations on liver, on oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial viability and how this organ reacts against exhaustive exercise in rats. The manuscript showed that physical exercise (swimming for 6 weeks) mitigates the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity enzyme on cerebral cortex and on levels of Tumoral Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) per se on skeletal muscle. Besides, the ibuprofen administration (15 mg/kg, 9 days), per se and in combination with training, increase time to exhaustion on third exhaustive bout, diminished the AChE activity on cerebral cortex and the TNF-α e IL-1β content on skeletal muscle and in total reactive species content in both tissues. On the article, physical exercise (swimming for 6 weeks) increased reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) content and Superoxide dismutases (SOD) activity, decreased lipidic peroxidation (TBARS) levels and increased mitochondrial viability (MTT) on liver. Besides, the adaptations caused by aerobic training preserved high GSH levels, protected oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, against TBARS and Protein carbonilation increases in addition to the maintenance of MTT reduction, increased membrane potential and protects ROS production. Considering data on this thesis, ibuprofen administration could has used as ergogenic aid on exhaustive bouts delaying fatigue and aerobic training causes mitochondrial adaptations on liver that support exhaustive bouts.