Abordagem contrastiva na terapia para desvios fonológicos: considerações teóricas

Abstract

Phonological disorders are alterations that occur in the speech of some children and are characterized by substitutions and/or omissions of phonemes. It is really important that the speech therapist, after detailed assessment, has knowledge about the treatment to be followed, that is, the therapeutic pattern to be used and the generalizations to be expected. Thus, this study was aimed at reviewing the literature on therapeutic patterns utilized in the phonologic therapy, emphasizing the Minimal Pairs/Maximum Oppositions and Multiple Oppositions Approaches. There were searches through publications based on Medline, Scielo, Bireme and Pubmed data, books and articles. The Minimal Pairs/ Maximum Opposition Approaches involve the selection of couples of words that distinguish by a single phoneme, being able to contrast few distinctive features (minimum pairs) or many features (maximum opposition). These patterns are recommended to children suffering from mild to mildmoderate disorder. In the Opposition Multiple Approach, there are words that also differ in only one phoneme, however these contrast diverse features due to the selection of many phonemes. This pattern is recommended to severe disorder because, in general, the children replace many phonemes of the adult system by only one sound. So, it can be concluded that to choose the appropriate pattern they must be taken into account the presence and the lack of phonemes, the kind and the severity level of the phonological disorder. Moreover, the selection of the appropriate therapeutic pattern can help future generalizations.