Justiça organizacional e estresse no trabalho: um estudo com colaboradores do setor bancário de Santa Maria

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the perception of organizational justice and job stress on employees of public and private banking sector in Santa Maria. Therefore, the theoretical background focused on organizational justice and stress, with emphasis on work. A survey was conducted on 339 bank employees - 224 from public sector and 115 from private. A questionnaire was structure with sociodemographic questions and the instruments used were the Perception of Organizational Justice Scale (MENDONÇA et al., 2003), the Job Stress Scale (KARASEK, 1985; THEORELL, 1988; ALVES et al., 2004) and the reduced version of Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale (SIEGRIST et al., 1996, 2009; CHOR et al., 2008). Data were described using descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha indicator, normality tests, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square test, and Correspondence Analysis. Regarding the population, the profile of the respondents is the majority is married, receives monthly compensation above 10 minimum wages, is graduate, has never received a stress diagnosis, or medications used for this purpose. Concerning organizational justice, it was found that employees of private banks perceive higher justice than employees of public banks and justice scored higher in the interactional dimension in both sectors. Analysis of the Demand-Control Model of Job Stress Scale in the data of respondents from public sector revealed that 24.55% of respondents are in the "low distress" (ideal condition) and 37.40% fit in this situation in private banks. Social support was considered low for 66.52% of the respondents from public banks, indicating the effects of stress at work, and it was assessed as high for 60% of employees in private banks, what can mitigate the damage of stress. Regarding the Model Scale Effort-Reward Imbalance, 77.23% of respondents from public banks and 57.39% from private sector showed imbalance between high effort spent at work and the reward received. However, in the public sector, the consequences of stress might be reduced, because the excess of commitment was considered low for 54.91% of the respondents, whilst in the private sector, the variable was perceived as high for 51.30 % what can maximize the damage caused by stress. Regarding the scales of Demand-Control and Effort-Reward Imbalance, individuals from the public banks were more exposed to work stress and consequently showed higher risk of mental illness. According to the results, in public sector, perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice showed significant relationships with the dimensions control and social support. Moreover, in private banks, the perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice were associated with the dimensions of psychological demands and social support. Furthermore, in both sectors, all three dimensions of justice were related to the size reward. High perceptions of justice (distributive, procedural and interactional), "low distress" and "low DER" showed significant associations among them. Relationships among low perceptions of organizational justice (distributive, procedural and interactional) and "high distress" and "high DER" were also identified. Solely in public sector, low perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice showed relationship with "passive job". Furthermore, the results of this research reveal that the perceived justice of employees contributes to the way of dealing with work situations and the factors that lead to stress, such as psychological demands and control, effort spent and the reward received.