Satisfação no trabalho e estresse ocupacional na perspectiva dos policiais militares do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Job satisfaction is conceptualized as an individual affective lien with his work (SIQUEIRA, 2008). In the other hand, stress, according to Marras and Veloso (2012) is a process or its result approaches biological and psychological reactions and actions from dealing with someone who causes stress. It is considered a real threat, perceived and socially-constructed. Being a police officer is considered a risky job because they deal constantly with violence, brutality and death (COSTA et al., 2007). Based on these three themes, this work has been developed with the aim of analyzing the relationship between job satisfaction and occupational stress in police officers perspective in Rio Grande do Sul. A descriptive study has been carried out, characterized as a survey with quantitative approach. The study has been made with 519 police officers from armed forces from cities in Rio Grande do Sul. A research protocol with questions related to personal data and occupation, Job Satisfaction Scale (JSE) from Siqueira (2008) and Occupational Stress Scale (OSE) from Paschoal and Tamayo (2004) has been applied. The data has been analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics, standardized scales, chi-square test, Pearson correlation and correspondence analysis. Results about general profile emphasized that the majority of police officers are male (83,43%), are about 31 years old or older (66,47%), married (72,45%), with children (67,63%) most of them with only one child (42,45%), and with secondary school completed (59,15%). In relation to occupational general characteristics in the data collected, police officers with occupation from 21 to 30 years have prevailed (31,98%), soldiers (58,76%), who have external activities (42,58%). Income concentration among police officers is from 1 to 3 salaries (52,41%), and who divide responsibility with another person (35,45%). In general, an average level of job satisfaction (79,38%) was seen. In relation to job satisfaction dimensions, it has been found the higher level of satisfaction in relation to relationship with work (66,02%), followed by the satisfaction with headship (47,88%). On the other hand, the lowest dimensions levels has been found in relation to income (45,75%) and promoting (39,96%). With regard to occupational stress, an average predominance was seen, being the causes of stress: not enough preparation for professional training (3,51), discrimination⁄ favoritism in the work environment (3,40), low perspectives in carrier development (3,37), low valorization from superiors (3,04), and finally, deficiency in communicating information about organizational decisions (3,00). A negative and statistically significant correlation between occupational stress and job satisfaction and its dimensions has been found, classifying them as moderate and negative. It shows that higher the level of occupational stress, lower the job satisfaction, and vice-versa. The dimension related to satisfaction with headship (p= -0,5736) and satisfaction with the occupation nature (p= -0,4827) are the ones that presented the highest negative correlation with occupational stress. Similarly, the association between low satisfaction (18,69%) and high level of stress (16,99%) has been seen, as well as the association between average satisfaction (79,38%) and average level of stress (72,39%). In contrast, the association between high satisfaction (1,93%) and low level of stress (10,62%) was not found. In sum, the relationship between job satisfaction and occupational stress has been indicated, as well as the inverse relationship.