Diagnóstico da fertilidade de solos em áreas sob plantio direto consolidado

Abstract

The soybean average productivity in Rio Grande do Sul presents great oscillations which are attributed to climatic adversities. The productivity can also be afected by soil fertility limitations, specially acidity and P deficiency in subsurface, and by physical limitations to roots growth. This work was carried out to evaluate the soil fertility in areas under consolidated no-tillage, in soybean producing regions of Rio Grande do Sul. The diagnosis was carried out during the agricultural year 2004/05, in twenty soybean farmings under notillage with more than five years. We collected 140 soil samples in three layers (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) and mesearued water pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and aluminum. We calculate the exchangeable bases,, efetive CEC, CEC7, H+Al and the saturation for bases and for aluminum. In each point of collection soil samples was made analysis of soil resistance to the penetration and water soil content. Only 50% soil samples in surface layer (0-10 cm) and 8% in deeper layers do not showed chemical limitations as standards established for the Chemical and Fertility Soil Comission. Around 32% soil samples in surface layer and 77% in deeper layers showed low P availability. Additionally, 40% soil samples in subsurface showed low P and K availability, and only 50% no have acidity limitations. The soil compactation is a general problem in all soybean farmings.