Dinâmica do nitrogênio mineral e produtividade do arroz irrigado na sucessão soja-azevém em solo de várzea

Abstract

The current recommendation of nitrogen fertilizer for irrigated rice (Oryza sativa) depends on the content of soil organic matter and expectation of response to N application; it can be influenced by previous crops. This study aimed to evaluate the residual effect of accumulated N (NAC) by soybean (Glycine max), and the influence of succession with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on the recommendation of N at sowing (ANS). The experiment was conducted in 2008/09 and 2009/10, consisting of irrigated rice cultivation; it had as treatments the use of soil (succession with ryegrass/rotation with soybean or fallow during the whole period or just preceding winter) and N doses. It was evaluated, in the first year, the accumulated N by soybean. In the second one, the mineral N of soil was monitored from autumn to spring, under the tested successions, estimating: dry matter (DM) yield and NAC in the ryegrass in full bloom, and irrigated rice production eight days after the first nitrogen topdressing fertilizer (ANc); the indirect measure of N content in SPAD units (NSPAD), using chlorophyll meter; seed yield, thousand grains weight, sterility, and number of grains per panicle in rice. The results suggest the N contribution biologically fixed by soybean only on the DM production of ryegrass. The quantification of mineral N showed similar behavior in the uses and in the analyzed depths, falling sharply from the second evaluation on, and maintenance of low levels in the others. There was not identified interaction between the effects of soil use and doses of ANS for the evaluated parameters in rice. In the isolated analysis of its effects, the doses did not influenced none of the parameters, indicating that, under tested conditions, the use or not of the recommended ANS for the irrigated rice, did not interfere in its development and productivity, dispensing adjustment. Soil use factor showed effects on DM, NAC, NSPAD parameters and irrigated rice productivity, obtaining bigger value to DM on cultivation under fallow for the entire previous period, which also had use effect factor showing lower and different values on the last two evaluations with the chlorophyll meter, while for the NAC, the values was similar and higher on the two treatments that included fallow on the winter, reflecting better initial development in these plots.No treatment interfered in the panicles sterility, number of grains per panicle and thousand grain weight. Based on the results, despite the further development of ryegrass in succession to soybean, there was no indication of the need to adjust the ANS of rice grown in rotation with the Fabaceae neither in succession to forage. Also, although the usage factor effect occurred on productivity of rice, there was no clear evidence of his influence on this parameter since, despite some positive effects of N fixed by soybeans on the productivity of rice grown in rotation, was identified the lower rate of productivity of irrigated rice on succession treatment and winter fallow with soybeans rotation in the summer.