Recuperação do potássio adicionado em solos com diferentes teores e o efeito na disponibilidade às plantas

Abstract

The sustainability of production is widespread and discussed within the productive systems, resource utilization of the productive chain of the agricultural sector, mainly inputs, requires constant evaluations, since their socio-economic and environmental impacts may be irreversible. Potassium is the second nutrient requirement in terms of the cultures, in countries such as Brazil becomes evident, the growing demand for this element, however, more than 90% of the raw material for the manufacture of potash fertilizers is imported. Because to the large variability of existing soils, and different physicochemical properties of the minerals fertilizers in relation with the environment, parameters for fertilizer recommendations are based on physical and chemical properties of the soil, and sufficiency levels, within which it is possible to quantify and qualify the ability to release soil nutrients for plants. Several experiments with potassium, agronomically significant response is observed only at doses similar to the amounts exported by crops. This Work aims to improve and maximize the utilization of potassium added, so that will include technical and economic aspects, productivity and ensure a satisfactory integrated restricting the indiscriminate use of potash fertilizers, thus confirm or discard the following hypotheses. 1) Is added potassium recovered plants so, the fixing of this element into soil does not at significant levels. 2) Addition of K2O doses of higher levels existing in the soil increase the availability of potassium for plants stimulating the absorption enough above the limits for a given production. 3) The critical levels indicated as basis for recommendation are unnecessary; the addition of potassium can be based only on the need for certain crop yields. The study consisted of two experiments, so first occurred in the field, with two successive crops of soybean and wheat, on a Typic Hapludalf (EMBRAPA, 2006), located next to the department of soils, Federal University of Santa Maria (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria UFSM), in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, with a history of potassium fertilization from 1991, the second were held in a greenhouse, and was based, soil samples collected in the area of the first experiment, and samples of an Typic Oxisol (EMBRAPA, 2006), coming from the Embrapa/Soy (Embrapa/soja) Londrina, PR, Brazil, also with a history of potassium fertilization from 1983. In both experiments the experimental units vary, as the initial content of potassium in the soil, and the amount of K2O added.