Seleção de plantas para fitorremediação de solo contaminado com cobre

Abstract

Successive applications of Bordeaux syrup, a copper fungicide widely used to control diseases on the vine, contributed to the increase in copper in large areas of vineyards in the Serra Gaúcha. Phytoremediation is a soil remediation technology that provides low environmental impact, low cost and wide public acceptance. The objective of this study is to select soil cover plants of winter and summer that are promising for phytostabilization and phytoextraction of copper in soil of Serra Gaúcha. A 'Cambissolo', was collected in the Serra Gaúcha and added different copper concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 500 and 600 mg kg-1 in the form of copper chloride (66.66%) and copper sulfate (33 , 34%). In this soil, in a greenhouse were grown nine genotypes of winter cover plants: black oat (Avena stringosa Schreb) With four genotypes ("UPFA 21 Moreninha", "Vacaria", "Passo Fundo" and "IPFA 99009"), cover oat (Avena brevis L.) with genotype ("BRS Centauro"), white oat (Avena sativa L.) with three genotypes ("URS 21", "UPF 18" and "UPF 22") and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) with a 'cultivate' ("SS esmeralda") and nine genotypes of summer cover plants: pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), jack bean (Canavalia ensiforms DC), black mucuna bean (Mucuna aterrima L.), dwarf pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), gray mucuna bean (Mucuna cinereum L.), dolichos bean (Dolichos lablad L.) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth). When grown in soils with high concentrations of copper, black oat genotypes "UPFA 21 Moreninha" and white oat "URS 21" and plants jack bean and black mucuna bean produce large amounts of dry, these soils can be used as ground cover plants. The genotype "Vacaria" oat, black mucuna bean and gray mucuna bean produce high amounts of dry matter and accumulate high concentrations of copper in the root system, with potential to be used in programs phytostabilization of copper.