Estudo da deglutição em pacientes com queixa de refluxo gastroesofageano e glóbus faríngeo

Abstract

The Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and the symptoms of the Pharyngeal Bolus can make the subject show complaints of impairments of swallowing. The goal of this study was to analyze the dynamics of swallowing in subjects that showed GERD and/or Pharyngeal Bolus through videofluoroscopy in young adults and old people. The reports of 34 subjects between 18 and 85 years old from both genders from the Radiology and Image Service of the Gastroenterological Institute of São Paulo were analyzed and categorized in groups: G1 - with GERD; G2 - with Pharyngeal Bolus; G3 - with Pharyngeal Bolus and GERD; and in sub-groups GA - elderly and GB - adults, with an average age of 74.9 and 43.8 years respectively, in order to study if the effects of ageing would represent an impact on the swallowing physiology. The analyses of the characteristics of the oral an pharyngeal phases of swallowing were carried out in percentages through the spreadsheets and based on the Ott et al. scales, (1996) to the oropharyngeal swallowing dysphagia, in slight, moderate and severe dysphagia -, and based on the Martin-Harris et al. scale, (2007) to the pharyngeal swallowing. The analysis of the pharyngeal phase was realized on the percentages of the most evident characteristics and also with the examination of the statistics of dependant variables. The chi-square test was used, with the level of significance p < 0,05 among the groups, so as to analyze a possible association among the variables. The results showed delay in the control and transportation of the food bolus and intraoral stasis with higher percentage on G3 and in tongue base on G2. There was a predominance of early pharyngeal swallowing in vallecula and piriform recesses in all groups. The laryngeal penetration occurred in all groups, but the incidence was higher in G1 and 1 subject breathed. The cleaning maneuvers were performed in all of them, with the most evident DS in higher levels to the pudding consistency. The harshness degree ranged from normal swallowing to slight dysphagia for all. The study of the relations among the characteristics of the pharyngeal phase presented significant results (p < 0,05) to the relation of the variables beginning of pharyngeal swallowing with laryngeal penetration and the beginning place of the pharyngeal swallowing with the harshness degree of the oropharyngeal dysphagia in young adults.