Análise da biomecânica da deglutição em portadores bronquiectasia

Abstract

Swallowing is considered a dynamic and complex process that needs the integrity of distinct neuronal systems for suitable operation, and in the the inadequacy has dysphagia. In pulmonary diseases such as bronchiectasis, there may be impairment of swallowing, especially by compromised respiratory function. Objective: To characterize qualitatively and quantitatively by videofluoroscopy the parameters of the biomechanics of swallowing in bronchiectasis. Method: exploratory research, field, descriptive, quantitative and cross. Participated in this study nine subjects diagnosed with bronchiectasis, the average age was 47.89 years with a standard deviation (± 16.54), minimum 21 years and maximum 73 years. Videofluoroscopy was performed to characterize the biomechanics of swallowing in this population. The analysis of these data was done by three judges blinded in relation to the research objectives and is used to evaluate the temporal and visual-spatial parameters. Results: The agreement between the judges varied from moderate to almost perfect, being statistically significant (P<0.001). There was an early escape later; residue in valecule in consistency honey and pudding; absence of residue in piriform sinuses of all consistencies; percentage predominance absence of penetration and or aspiration, though, has been observed penetration in all consistencies and aspiration consistency nectar; the beginning of the pharyngeal phase was in position between the tongue base and valecule; on average the oral transit times were 1,93s to liquid consistency; 2,07s to nectar; 1,9s for honey and 2,04s for pudding. The pharyngeal transit time on average was 0,87s to liquid consistency; 0,87s to nectar; 0,79s to honey 0,78s and for pudding. The number of swallowing a liquid consistency for on average was 1.93 swallowing; for nectar was 2.56 swallowing; for swallowing honey was 2.89 and the pudding was 2.33 swallows. It can be seen that there was a correlation between variables penetration and aspiration and early escape (r=0.69087) and later beginning of the pharyngeal phase consistency nectar (r=0.67854). Conclusion: biomechanical characterization of swallowing was observed that several parameters were found changed, even with the presence of penetration and aspiration. This fact shows the importance to performing a clinical and objective speech assessment of swallowing for the conduct to be established early, avoiding the worsening of the patology.