Implicações dos fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major public health problem worldwide, representing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The risk of developing CVD is evaluated based on the analysis of characteristics that increase the chances of future cardiovascular events. Knowledge of these risk factors for cardiovascular disease becomes crucial in the development of prevention strategies. Although many studies have been conducted on CVD, each population has its own characteristics and hardly, the behavioral and metabolic factors will affect subjects in the same manner. Thus, this study analyzed the cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) profile (Paper 1) and the association between ultra sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) and CRF (Article 2) of participants of a health promotion program of the city of Santa Maria. The analysis of the 419 subjects (Article 1) and the 66 subjects (Article 2) were carried out from records of the research project "Effects of a guided exercise program and individualized nutritional counseling on some risk factors of metabolic syndrome" database, provided by the Physical Exercise and Health Lab (NESEFIS) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) comprising the years between 2007 and 2013. The high waist circumference (WC) was the most prevalent CRF (66.6%). Elevated triglycerides (TG) levels were found in 48.7% of patients followed by arterial hypertension (AH) (41.3%) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (39.8%). High blood glucose levels were present in 24.3% of the studied group and 45.8% had less than three CRF. Among the subjects with metabolic syndrome 36.3% had four or more CRF. It should be noted, that an association was found between WC and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) in men and between TG and SBP and DBP in both sexes. All CRF were statistically significant for MS development, but SBP and DBP showed higher magnitude of 6 and 2.77 times more likely to lead to SM (Paper 1). A significant correlation was observed between levels of CRP and body mass (r = 0.34; p < 0,05) as well as between CRP and CC (r = 0.31; p < 0,05). The CRP and the other analyzed CRF (BP, lipid profile and altered glucose levels) did not present statistically significant correlations. The CRP was inversely correlated with the values of triglycerides and fasting glucose (Paper 2). Based on the analysis of the collected data, we observed significant prevalence, associations and odds ratios for the CRF. Still, it was observed that the anthropometric indicators, waist circumference and body mass, were the variables significantly correlated with CRP levels. These findings reinforce the need for monitoring and control strategies, not only of the CRF alone but also their aggregations in order to reduce the impact of CVD in these individuals.