Física e o futebol no ensino fundamental

Abstract

This work aims primarily the development, implementation and evaluation of an educational strategy, by means of four Didactic Activities (DA), addressing concepts of mechanics from football to senior students of elementary school. For the developing of the teaching strategy it was conducted a survey of studies and papers in journals and conferences in the area of Physical Education and Education/Science Education with the following approaches: Physics Teaching in the final years of Elementary School and teaching of Physics and sport. From this survey, it was analyzed the papers and studies in four ways: research focus, approached scientific content, resources and teaching strategies and instruments used to obtain data. These studies and papers presented theoretical foundation in a constructivist context and an innovative education. From this panorama, they became elements that guided the structuring of Didatic Activities (DA) in which the student is the center of teaching. In this sense, DAs include a variety of teaching resources that associate football with mechanical concepts so that the student has subsidies to build her/his understanding of these concepts. In addition to the resources used to implement the Didatic Activities, the daily lesson was used as a tool for reflective practice and as a complement to data analysis. Data were obtained from the DA tasks as well as the records of observation of the researcher, being possible to map out the students understandings throughout the process of teaching and learning, her/his previous ideas and difficulties on certain concepts of mechanics. In this teaching context, it was observed that students present knowledge about location and reference, recognizing that is necessary the definition of a reference point for describing the position of the given object, that to change the state of motion is required the application of a force, that energy can be present in different forms (chemical energy, mechanical, solar, thermal, etc.) and it is of fundamental importance for the health and sports activities. The greatest difficulties with respect to students learning is in regard to the comprehension the concepts of the speed, position and acceleration and the several languages used in physics that show relationships among concepts - textual, math and graphics.