Fatores relacionados à adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral de adultos com HIV/AIDS

Abstract

The objective was to analyze the factors related to the adherence to the antiretroviral treatment of adults with HIV/AIDS, who were treated at the University Hospital of Santa Maria. This is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, involving 179 adults subjected to antiretroviral treatment for the HIV/AIDS. The data collection was held from January to July 2012, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee from the Federal University of Santa Maria. We have used a research tool consisted of data about the economic, demographic, social and clinical profiles; the Brazilian version of the Cuestionário para la Evaluación de la Adhesión al Tratamiento Antiretroviral and the Scale of self-efficacy expectancy to the antiretroviral treatment. After checking for errors and inconsistencies, the statistical analysis was performed by using the program PASW ® Statistics (Predictive Analytics Software, from SPSS Inc., Chicago - USA), version 18.0 for Windows. Of the 179 adults undergoing antiretroviral treatment for the HIV/AIDS, 50,8% were male, 23,5% were aged from 45 to 49 years (average age 43,21, ± 10,48), 62,6% lived in the city of Santa Maria; in 68,6% the route of HIV transmission was the sexual one. The Cronbach s alpha indexes of the scale of adherence and of self-efficacy expectancy were, respectively, 0,78 and 0,93. Of the adults under antiretroviral treatment, 83,2% were defined as non-adherents (raw score ≥ 83; percentile ≥ 85). The self-efficacy expectancy for the adherence to the antiretroviral treatment showed an average of 95,04% (± 9,11). Through bivariate analysis, it was found a statistically significant relationship between adherence and breed, schooling, viral load, the act of keeping the follow-up of your health in the service, the propensity to alcoholism, change in the lifestyle and necessity to use psychiatric medications. We have found a high and positive correlation between self-efficacy expectancy to follow-up the treatment and the adherence to the antiretroviral treatment. It was also evidenced a significant relationship among adherence, schooling, the act of keeping the follow-up of your health in the service and change in the lifestyle. The adherence showed a significant and direct correlation with self-efficacy expectancy (r=0,637, p <0,01), time of diagnosis (r = - 0,175, p<0,05), low and reverse with the number of pills (r = - 0,301, p <0,01), very low between and treatment time (r = - 0,165, p <0,05), low and direct with the viral load (r = 0,344, p <0,01). We conclude that adherence to the antiretroviral therapy is related to numerous factors that might interfere with the effectiveness of the treatment. From the analysis of adherence and of factors that might influence in the antiretroviral treatment, one can establish strategies of individual and collective care towards this population.