Ações de cuidado da família à criança atendida em pronto-socorro pediátrico a partir do seu universo sociocultural

Abstract

The demand for care in a pediatric emergency department (PS-Ped) sometimes causes an overload in this service which has the purpose of meeting emergency care only. The actions of family care in finding the solution of health problems of children are complex, so it is necessary to understand the practices of care from the socioeconomic and cultural contexts. Thus, if asked about what would be the actions of family care to children treated in a pediatric emergency department, from its socio-cultural universe. This study aimed to understand the actions of family care for children treated at pediatric emergency from their sociocultural universe. This is a qualitative research of descriptive exploratory. Data collection was through semi-structured interviews with 12 family caregivers of children seen in a pediatric emergency department of a teaching hospital. The data were subjected to thematic content analysis according to Bardin (2011). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution under CAAE 13149613.3.0000.5346 number. After analyzing the data, three categories emerged: support networks of caregivers for care of children seen in pediatric emergency, Learning to care for the families of children seen in a pediatric emergency department and skills and health practices of families children treated in a pediatric emergency department. During this study, it was possible to know the reality of families of children seen in a pediatric emergency department and, from that, to understand a bit how these families caring for their children from their sociocultural universe. In this study, it was found that the primary caregivers of these children are women and that women are often alone in caring for the child, both in everyday situations and in times of crisis, such as illness. Despite changes in the configuration of the family over the years, the role of women remains important and indispensable in the family context, especially in the care of its members. These caregivers can carry the weight of the cultural legacy of responsibility to care for and develop different care actions in the pursuit of solving the health problems of these children. In this context, it is noted that these caregivers pilgrimage for many health services to meet different needs related to health problems of children. Thus, it was observed that the sector of professional health care is at the expense of popular sectors (folk) and informal (popular) in the quest to solve the health problems to these children. Given this reality, it is perceived that the services of the health of the child are fragmented and there is not a service aiming at completeness. This study, to bring the realities of families of children seen in a pediatric emergency department, provided some answers to my concerns related to the demand of this service. The restructuring of child health care at all levels of care is recommended, considering the socio-cultural context of families of children seen in a pediatric emergency department.