Humanização da atenção pré-natal na práxis dos profissionais de saúde

Abstract

Pregnancy affects a range of new feelings for women and their families. The changes that are considerable imply the importance of greater support and shared construction of knowledge in this period. In this sense, it is understood that the prenatal care is the first step in finding a comprehensive care to pregnant women. However, the reality of health services has the hegemony of a fragmented care model, and mostly bureaucratic, promoting a distancing of humanization of prenatal care. The Ministry of Health (MOH) in order to propose changes in the offered shares, guides through public health policies and programs, changes and renovations for the care of women during pregnancy and puerperal period, seeking a differentiated and comprehensive care. From this perspective, this dissertation has as object of study the humanization of prenatal care and as guiding research question "how does occurs the approach of humanization assumptions of public policies and health programs proposed by the Ministry of Health, in prenatal care of low risk in practice of health professionals in healthcare facilities of family of a city in Southern Brazil?" For this, the aim of the study was to know how does occurs the approach of humanization assumptions of public policies and health programs proposed by the Ministry of Health in the practice of prenatal care usual risk. The methodology trajectory come a field study, descriptive and qualitative approach. The study setting consisted of four Family Health Unit (FHU) of primary health care in of municipality in Southern of Brazil. The studies subjects were five nurses and three doctors who developed activities in the coverage of prenatal care. The data collection methods were participant observation and semi-structured interviews, in the period from February to June 2014. The analysis of the data, it was opted for the operative proposal of Minayo. The ethical aspects of research with human beings were respected, following the Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFSM, as opinion No. 513 040, under number of CAAE 26467413.9.0000.5346. This study allowed to identify the meanings about the humanization of prenatal care, the factors that separate the laws of everyday practice and the factors that approaching and strengthen the "SUS that works". Understanding of the humanization of care to pregnant women pervaded the importance of approximation with the user and the appreciation of their sociocultural context. The relational technologies were listed as potentiating tool for approach of a humanized care. Prenatal still faces aspects that promote the distancing of humanization. It is understood that the changing of this scenario, there is not formalized in isolation, runs the co-responsibility of those who indirectly or directly produces health. The results of this study are presented in format of three articles: Humanization of prenatal care in the voice of health professionals; A look under the stresses and difficulties for humanization of prenatal care and "The SUS that works": Approaching actions with the humanization of prenatal care.