Sistematização de conhecimento para o projeto de plataformas de colheita de feijão

Abstract

Due to the need to increase in production and to the high rates of losses in the header because of machines with low efficiency in harvesting, it is presented, in this thesis the knowledge systematization needed to develop new header designs to harvest beans. This work presents the machines used for the harvest of beans, the harvesting systems, and a list of influencing factors that determine the knowledge required for new projects. In the patent records, harvesters able to carry out all the harvest s phases, machines for cutting or pulling off plants, addition or replacement parts for harvesters, and machines with different technologies were found. The result of a search for machines in the market showed the main characteristics of headers such as mechanical and hydraulic couplings, dimensions and power transmission systems that are used. A comparison among subsystems was made, and it was noticed that, although the machines are designed for the same culture, and the systems are virtually identical, there are some quite different adjustments, and, in some cases, they do not observe agronomical recommendations, showing that the optimization of designs is possible. It is presented a study on the technologies in harvesting and the size relation of machines that enable their construction followed by the four main categories related to the influencing factors in the project (project scope examination, operating environment characteristics, ratification criteria, and machines available in the market). It was observed that there are still potential improvements in the recorded designs in the patents including the exploration of new concepts. It was observed that many machines recorded in patents are not found in the market. Among the possible reasons for this, there is the fact that the great majority of machines registered in patents carry out the harvest by individualizing the planting lines, which is a characteristic that does not have a good market acceptance.