Jardim histórico do palacete Dr. Astrogildo de Azevedo: mapeamento de manifestações patológicas e métodos de limpeza

Abstract

In face of the increasing development of policies and actions in order to preserve the assets of property of society, occurred during the last years, there is one outstanding item, that has to be mentioned: the notion of cultural heritage, which is not restricted to goods built by man, but it also includes the landscape and other examples of human interaction with nature. This paper has the purpose of mapping the pathological manifestations existing in the historical garden of the Mansion Dr. Astrogildo de Azevedo, in the municipality of Santa Maria - RS. The garden, eclectic trend, dated approximately from late 1940 and early 1950 decades, is obsolete. There is no insertion of activities and no public visitation. The garden gets only little care and presents many pathologies and degradations. This dissertation seeks to rescue the local culture of the garden and to lead to a recovery and readjustment for current use, so that it can be returned to the population of Santa-Maria, and be rescued as cultural heritage of the city as a milestone of the Belle Époque. As subsidy for the development of this project, there were addressed theoretical references on the location of the project, also the processes and concepts of restoration and conservation of monuments, history of the gardens in Brazil, as well as concepts concerning degradations and pathologies of the buildings and its representation in the form of Maps of damage . The methodology applied to the project consisted of case study: the garden. In this study were conducted surveys of data - metric, photographic survey and existing pathologies - besides an experimental cleaning program, aiming at the removal of dirt found in different types of materials of the garden`s elements. This program of cleaning helped to find out that the pathological manifestation more found in the Garden the biodeterioration- can be eliminated through the use of simple products like soap, detergent and bleach together with manual brushing. So, cleaning up is a major step toward maintenance of the garden and serves as preparation for a later stage of restoration or intervention. The results after tabulated and interpreted, culminated in the drafting of an intervention Project for the site. Through this the garden will be preserved and adapted to a more current usage, ensuring its preservation and rescuing local culture heritage.