Instrumentação para pilhas de células a combustível do tipo PEM visando a eficiência energética

Abstract

This work aims at the development of an instrumentation prototype to monitor, control and drive a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and its ancillary equipment. The first stage of this work is related to PEMFC stack modeling and the second is focused on electronic instrumentation to obtain practical data regarding to the stack behavior. Several theoretical models are analyzed. However, more attention is paid to the electronic model. Considering other electronic PEMFC models, changes were made to make it a more accurate. In this way, this modified model was validated by laboratory static and dynamic tests. These tests were compared with real data, available from the manufacturer s manual and other information from literature. To evaluate the variation in the main external parameters (reactant pressures, temperature, humidity of the membranes and coolant fluids, stoichiometric ratio, power, current and voltage) a full fuel cell instrumentation circuitry was developed to monitor and control them. This software is fully implemented in Labview, so as to verify and to control the whole fuel cell efficiency by using only a computer-based terminal. Additionally, the whole instrumentation system is presented and discussed. Finally, experimental tests were carried out to evaluate a by-pass technique (set of controlled shortcircuits) to maximize the stack output power.