Otimização de operação dos meios básicos de controle de tensão em sistemas de distribuição

Abstract

This dissertation presents methods and algorithms to increase use efficiency of basic voltage control equipment on power distribution systems and also models for secondary distribution networks. This basic voltage control equipment consists of on load tap changer transformers on substations, operated according to a control law, and distribution transformers with off load, manually operated tap changers. The optimum setting of those basic equipments has a fundamental importance since they can solve the biggest part of voltage control problems without any additional investment and can also minimize the damage caused by problematic distribution networks to its consumers. In this work two main algorithms are proposed and analyzed, one using heavy and light load conditions and the other one searching for a more complete analysis working with a full typical day; in both cases the tap adjust for distribution transformers and the substation voltage control law are the means to achieve global reduction on low quality energy supplied to system s consumers. The voltage level optimization on distribution networks with similar load curves may be done based on heavy and light load conditions. This method is also a solution when data about 24 hours operation is unavailable. On the other hand, when data about 24 hours operation is available a more complete analysis that can achieve not only a solution for all consumers is desirable whenever possible. Furthermore, this can also minimize low quality energy supplied to them when we cannot guarantee adequate voltage levels to all. As a way to get the necessary data for voltage control optimization models for secondary distribution networks that uses only data ready available on most companies were created. The results and the perspectives for efficiency increase on use of basic voltage control equipment with the proposed algorithms were obtained from a series of real data exercises.