Jovens rurais em migrações internacionais

Abstract

The rural youth classically integrated the internal migratory processes, but recently they have also constituting international. So, the study analyzed how rural young people from a family farming experienced contemporary international migration in its various phases, which were emigration, travel, immigration and return. Of a qualitative nature, the study was conducted in the case study format and held in the city of Itapuranga, state of Goiás, Brazil. Data were collected through 09 interviews with social workers who have experienced international migration in their youth. Although adults at the time of the interviews, these used their memories to rebuild international migration experiences as rural youth. Were also interviewed 17 key-informants and other data collected through observation, documentary research and literature research. In Itapuranga, there was the existence of a culture of migration on family farming, being common migration in this context. This culture interfered on the socialization of rural youth, expanding their social horizons of "local" to "global". Many socioeconomic conditions favored these international emigration, especially in the early XXI century, involving the crisis in family farming, few alternatives for employment and education in the region, devaluation of national currency and establishment of international migration networks. So, were built international migration projects in search of social reproduction and autonomy. These international migration were undocumented and happened through different routes: legal route, with visas and directed the nations located in the Americas and Europe, carried out air; and illegal route, without visas and intended only to the United States, with a segment of the crossing by land in Mexico. In the latter, was intense participation of the immigration industry, increasing the risks involved in travel The main destinations of migrants consisted in the United States and European nations. The immigration stood out because of the cultural and environmental strangeness abroad and migrant vulnerability at work, inserted in low-paid and exhaustive services with the aim of accumulate money, including prostitution. The migrants also experienced poor living conditions and could not devote time to education. The immigration was experienced in loneliness, because of the embarrassing relationships with foreign and other Brazilian immigrants, stressing the longing and communication with family and friends in Brazil. Most returned to accumulate a significant amount of money, encouraged by the international economic crisis, stabilization of the Brazilian economy, the real appreciation, longing families and advancement of their ages, especially in the middle of the first decade of XXI century. The returns also resignified the links of migrants to rural areas and family farming, favoring the emergence of new ruralities. Also, became hybrid identities of these migrants and marked the end of the youth of them. So, it was concluded that international migration among rural young people from a family farming of Itapuranga were not unidirectional, being characterized by comings and goings, showing different ways to experience the youth in rural areas. It was concluded, also, the need for public c policies and extension actions involving the singularities of these international migrants.