Cartografia de síntese para análise integrada da paisagem do município de São Gabriel/RS: uma proposta de zoneamento ambiental

Abstract

The anthropogenic actions impact the environment, creating changes that may reflect a framework of environmental deterioration. The environmental zoning in rural areas becomes a management tool, which helps in making decisions about the best alternatives for the use of resources, offering subsidies for the correction and recovery of deteriorated areas, by allow an increasing knowledge of the environment, enabling to monitor changes over time. In order to contribute analysis on the local space, this work presents a proposal of environmental zoning from a integrated analysis of landscape in São Gabriel city, based on soil capabilities and vulnerabilities as land use conflicts. The methodology followed the theoretical proposal of Libault (1971), which deals the four levels of geographic search: compilation, correlation, semantic and normative. In order to analyze the interrelationship existing between the physical variable, began the work from of observation, recording and acquiring information which allowed to build a geographic database in Brazilian software SPRING version 4.3.3. The subsequent correlation of information layers by map algebra, enable to quantify and monitor the attributes of the landscape reach a cartographic synthesis. To fulfill the holistic approach intrinsic in this job, the use of GIS for landscape analysis proved an essential tool, by allow an integrated analysis. As a final result was obtained the environmental zoning map, that of 5800 km², comprising the territorial unit under study, 1% comprising urban of area zone 1, the zone 2, 37% comprising the zone agricultural development, the zone 3 and 4 are of environmental protection, comprising 2 and 15% of area respectively and the zone 5 and 6 zone of environmental restoration, comprising respectively 17 and 28% of territory. The results showed that the geographic search in view of geographic information technologies contributes significantly to the development of environmental planning projects, proposing the appropriate and rational use of available natural resources, enabling preserve and enhance environmental quality.