Ajustamento e controles de qualidade das linhas poligonais

Abstract

Brazil is a country of great dimension that still holds unexplored areas of little population nowadays. Actually these lands are state-owned, but they have been appropriated as a private property, especially in the Amazon basin. The need for a governmental more effective territorial management was formally implemented through the establishment of a geodetic referenced landed property register. This system will integrate the public administration organization and the land register services in a common basis of data. The geodetic science and the advanced technological resources like the Global Positioning System, which receives radio rays transmitted by satellites that surround the Earth and the electronic tachymeter, which capture light rays reflected on locations over the surface of the Earth, enable reliable geodetic references for the database graphic. Brazilian government takes into consideration the set of a wide basis of data in 10 years in order to control the undue appropriation of lands in the agricultural border, as well as great management over the territorial organization in the states of consolidated agrarian structure. The present work has been thought with the purpose of improving topographic survey quality by means of adjustment and quality survey estimation to serve geodetic referencing principles. This survey of a 9-points traverse being used one control point. It was implanted at Federal University of Santa Maria campus with electronic tachymeter and the obtained data worked in a digital calculation form. The qui-square test of the quadratic form of misclosures was put into practice to evaluate the survey as a whole. Then the adjustment by the least square method was done, utilizing the observation equations taken from the variation of coordinates. The weight unit variance a posteriori was calculated in the qui-square test in the quadratic form of the residuals, which evaluates adjustment quality. The variance-covariance matrix of the adjusted coordinates have enable the estimation for point of the trasverse by using the calculation of the geometric parameters of the standard error ellipse, error ellipse, mean squared position error or radial error and circular error probable. Also, data snooping test of Baarda was developed to identify the observations that could present measuring problems. All the procedures were organized in a diagram to make a computer programming easier. In that research, instrumental systematic errors were verified, but they did not impair the method presentation. The adjustment has shown convergence after little iterations, the qui-square tests were in the range of acceptance of the hypotheses; the data snooping test has shown the most reliable observations while the estimations for point were quantified and graphically presented. The author hopes the work contributes to offer an accessible alternative scientifically based to surveyors, under the new paradigm presented by Topography.