Perfil de idosos em tratamento com antirretrovirais atendidos em um hospital escola e a relação com a fragilidade óssea

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the success of new antiretroviral therapies, people living whit HIV have increased life expectancy, reaching 60 years or more. However, people living whit HIV are more susceptible to osteopenia, osteoporosis and consequently fractures, which may require more from health systems. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the profile of elderly people with HIV on ART attended by the infectious disease outpatient clinic of a school hospital in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul and the relationship with bone fragility. Method: An observacional, retrospective, descriptive study was carried out by analyzing the records of people living whit HIV who attended the Infectious Disease Clinic and the antiretroviral therapy Pharmacy. People living whit HIV aged 50 years or older, using antiretroviral therapy, were included and those who did not withdrew their antiretroviral therapy for more than 90 days were excluded. From this, the following variables were investigated: age, sex, time since HIV diagnosis, types of antiretroviral therapy used over the year of treatment, undergoing or requesting a bone densitometry test and the result of test (normality, osteopenia or osteoporosis). Pearson's chi-square test was used to verify association between variables with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). Results and Discussion: The study sample consisted of 337 people, aged between 50 and 88 years (average of 58 years), with a predominance of males. It was identified that 47% (n = 159) of amostral population, men and women, underwent or were referred to undergo the bone densitometry exam. This percentage is below that recommended by the Ministry of Health, a fact that can be justified by the unavailability of this examination at the institution, requiring the referral to the municipal health network in which the user resides. Regarding the variables time of diagnosis and the use of Tenofovir fumarate, there was no significant relationship. When the association between HIV and osteoporosis was stratified by the gender variable, an association was found (p = 0.0018). Among women who underwent bone densitometry in the present study, 76% (n = 40) presented altered results, with a higher frequency than that found in males 51% (n = 20). The prevalence of osteopenia and / or osteoporosis among female people living with HIV reinforces the need for actions that make these patients aware of the need for actions and care that can prevent future problems.