Complicações anestésicas cardiocirculatórias em um hospital escola: estudo retrospectivo de 267 casos

Abstract

The objective was to report the incidence of cardiovascular complications during anesthesia of dogs and cats in a veterinary teaching hospital over a period of 6 months. Thus, a retrospective study was carried out, evaluating the anesthetic records used during the procedures. 267 anesthetic procedures were analyzed, 228 dogs (85.4%) and 39 cats (14.6%), submitted to general anesthesia. Of the total files analyzed, 102 complications were reported, these referring to 38.2% of all procedures. Of the total complications, 83.3% occurred in dogs and 16.7% in cats. There was a higher rate of complications in females, and in mixed-breed animals classified as ASA III and V. Bradyarrhythmias were reported in 57 animals. Six patients presented 2nd degree Mobitz type I atrioventricular block (AVB) unrelated to hemodynamic disorder, and two patients with 2nd degree Mobitz type I AVB with the presence of concomitant hypotension. In four patients, there was no specific description of the type of arrhythmia. Regarding bradycardia, a total of 47 cases were found, where only 17 animals presented concomitant hypotension or some other rhythm disorder. Among all cases of bradycardia, 76.5% presented complications in the first 15 minutes of the anesthetic procedure. 43 episodes of hypotension were reported, which is equivalent to 42.1% of all complications recorded in the period. When dogs and cats were considered, 79% of the animals presented intercurrence during the initial third of the procedure, which may be related to direct depression of the cardiovascular system caused by anesthetics.