Determinantes da qualidade da proficiência dos alunos das escolas públicas brasileiras de 2011 a 2017: uma abordagem com dados em painel espacial

Abstract

This dissertation presents a study on the determinants of quality of Brazilian education. It was verified the effects that the school infrastructure, the teacher qualifications, the characteristics of students and their families had on the mathematics performance of students in the 9th grade of elementary education in public schools in municipalities of Brazil. For this, were used data from SAEB and School Census between 2011 and 2017, using spatial panel methodology. The results showed that family conditions were the factors that most influenced the aver-age performance of students in SAEB at the municipal level in the period studied, especially about the mother's education. Because the proportion of mothers with more education had direct and indirect impacts, for neighbouring municipalities, demonstrating that the family background of a region can positively affect the local school performance and that of its neighbours. Regarding the parameters, the proportion of students who read often and do the exercises at home had positive effects and significant performed in the SAEB assessments, as well as the proportion of students who had their homework corrected by the teachers. In addition to these, there was a strong spatial dependence on the municipal grade in mathematics from the SAEB, noting that the spatial structure is relevant for determining the school performance of students at the municipal level in Brazil, where the performance of the municipality is positively associated with from the other municipalities, that is, there are positive overflows of internal variables for their neighbourhood. On the other hand, the residues had the opposite effect, in which shocks can decrease the average performance of the municipality in question, overflowing to its neighbours.