Indicadores de ciência, tecnologia e inovação: uma mensuração comparativa entre os estados brasileiros nos anos de 2000 a 2013

Abstract

The inequality of the regions in terms of Science, Technology and Innovation (C, T & I) indicators is in line with socioeconomic indicators. The high regional concentration of the Brazilian C, T & I system in the South and Southeast regions of the country is evident. According to PINTEC-IBGE data, in 2014, of the total number of companies investing in innovative activities, 46.3% were in the Southeast, 31.9% in the South, and only 11.7% in the Northeast. In this discussion related to CT & I in Brazil this work has as problematic: Among the heterogeneities of the Brazilian states, regarding the Science, Technology and Innovation plan, there is a difference of magnitude of efforts and results among the Brazilian states in relation to Technological indicators compared to the most prosperous in recent years? Another problem that surrounds the proposed study theme is that in the 2000s, if, on the one hand, the macroeconomic impacts of the international crises affected the companies' investment expectations, on the other hand, And to manage industrial and technological developmental public policies. The main objective of the present study is to verify if there is a difference in the magnitude of both S & T efforts and results among the Brazilian states in the period 2000 to 2013, in order to contribute to the formulation of regional development policies and / or state. The specific objectives are: To discuss the ST & I policies applied in Brazil; Present the discussion on regional development disparities in Science, Technology and Innovation; Discuss methodologies for using data to analyze ST & I; Construct a C, T & I indicator that: a) evaluates the relative situation of Brazilian states in the period 2000 to 2013 in this theme; And b) can detect whether a trend of improvement and / or convergence of C, T & I capacities among Brazilian states is under way. Finally, it was concluded that the differences between the state and regional levels of C, T & I still remain. There are several disparities between the indicators when comparing São Paulo with the other states of the federation. The state of São Paulo is the leader in all dimensions and in the general index in all the years studied. Inequalities also appear when comparing the South-Southeast (highest indexes) North-Northeast (lowest indexes) and the Midwest region, which is closer to the North-Northeast regions due to their indicators and indices with values Low. Therefore, there is no convergence of state systems when it comes to C, T & I. There are, yes, small improvements, but in general the disparities remain.