Transportes coletivos urbanos – avaliação do nível de pressão sonora em função da melhoria da qualidade de serviços

Abstract

According to its nature, the urban collective transportation services face an important role in people’s live, specially for those that live in the urban centers because those services have a fundamental economic and social importance in order to turn easier the transportation of them in the cities. So, it is possible to say that the society life quality is also related to the quality of the urban transportation. From the intend of improving the urban collective transportation conditions this research was elaborated, that is a partnership between the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) and Expresso Medianeira Ltda, an enterprise of the urban collective transportation sector from Santa Maria. Among many ergonomic possibilities that could be studied, with the aim of improving the living condition of the workers and users of this mean of transportation, it was chosen to analise the level of sound pressure inside these vehicles having as main objective its softness. For that, based mainly on the limit of tolerance recomended by the actual law, as well as, it was used the problem resolution method named PDCA cicle to organize an action plan, made and implemented in an objective and practical way. The steps of this action plan pass through the choose of aims to be achieved, search of the probable factors responsible for the causes of noise, and also a plan of corrective and preventive maintance, done according to the particular organizational conditions of the enterprise. To help the action plan elaboration, some quality tools developed by Ishikawa were used for instance, the cause and efect diagram. The methodology used in this research was the qualitative exploratory research using informal interviews and data colection and analisys as the main way of support. To data colection it was used a device to measure the loudness of the noise and an acoustics calibrator. The measurement parameters were: criteria 85 (eighty-five) dB, inferior boundary 85 dB and double factor dose of 5 (five) dB. After the data collection that was done with 100% (one hundred percent) of the fleet, 111 (one hundred and eleven) buses, was done the analisys of the data, first of all it was obtained an inicial view of them related to the sound pressure level inside the vehicle, otherwise 17,12% (seventeen point twelve percent) of the buses were above the established goal in the action plan, that was established in 85 dB(A). With the implementation and execution of the action plan, the 17,12% index of the vehicles that were above the established goal was reduced to the level of 3,6% (three point six percent) of the buses, showing then its efficacious. This research study developed in partnership achieved the goals for which it was conceived and nowadays it is part of the global quality plan of the referred enterprise. Because of its versatility it is belived that this action plan, with some little changes, can be implemented and used also in other industrial sectors.