O efeito do exercício físico na atividade da micróglia em doenças neurodegenerativas: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Neuroinflammation, known to be an inflammatory response that occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), is one of the main factors responsible for several neurodegenerative pathologies, we highlight Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). In addition, neuroinflammation is responsible for the production and release of inflammatory mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines, immune agents and cells, such as microglia. Microglia originate from macrophages residing in the CNS, in addition they can present different types of activation, whether pro-inflammatory/neurotoxic or anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective activation. Knowing this, AD and PD are neurodegenerative pathologies, caused by a process of neuroinflammation that occurs in the CNS and are associated with neurotoxic activation of microglia. However, physical exercise (PE) has shown to be an excellent adjuvant for the non-pharmacological treatment of neuroinflammatory pathologies, as well as acting to minimize the progression of these diseases. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of physical exercise on the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity of microglia in AD and PD. To carry out the present study, an integrative review was carried out, in which the Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo databases were used, with articles published on the given subject. Our findings demonstrated that PE was able to modulate the effect of microglial activity, thus minimizing inflammatory activity, reducing the levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and TNF-α and consequently increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory markers, such as IL-10 and BDNF, both in AD and PD pathology. Therefore, physical exercise has been shown to be an excellent neuroprotector, thus helping to minimize the progression of AD as in PD.