Desenvolvimento de um anteprojeto de sistema de calefação por piso radiante com aproveitamento da energia solar

Abstract

Several Brazilian regions lack technology for efficient heating of building interiors during cold periods. Currently, there are several commercial systems that attempt to solve this problem but can not combine thermal comfort with low energy consumption and environmental preservation. Research indicates that the system of floor heating is an appropriate solution in terms of thermal comfort, because in addition to maintaining the homogeneous environment with temperature, it carries less dust, has better space usage, does not need periodic cleansing and is noiseless. Within this context, this work aims to develop a preliminary system that uses solar energy for floor heating during cold periods. For this, the proper materials have been checked as to their thermal characteristics, in order to be used in three major subsystem components: capture, storage and release of thermal energy. A mathematical model was later developed to allow computer simulation and permit thermal performance analysis in such system. As a result, two subsystems - of capture and release of solar energy - were developed, computationally simulated, detailed through plants and cuts, using water as heat transfer fluid. The subsystem release has as distinction that it is made of prefabricated modules that can be applied after construction and also because it does nor need to be used along the whole floor area, making ir more versatile and affordable. It was proposed that the capture subsystem should be part of the outside pavement. It was shown that on a winter day in the city of Santa Maria - RS, with a collection area of 8m ², it is possible to heat 1m² of the internal enviroment of a building close to confort temperature (21ºC). With the use of a flat plate collector, with traditional coverage, it is possible to overcome comfort temperature with a collection area of just 3m². Therefore, the results are a good parameter for the development of innovative technologies, contributing to sustainable development in construction.