Validação de metodologia de controle de inversores fotovoltaicos utilizando hardware-in-the-loop

Abstract

In recent years, one of the energy sources that has been gaining prominence is photovoltaic energy, due to the practicality of using this system in different environments, the growing technological development in photovoltaic panels and inverters, as well as government in- centives in several countries. Inverters play a fundamental role, being responsible for the interface of photovoltaic systems with the electrical grid. In this context, in order to gua- rantee the correct operation of the inverter, the determinations of ABNT NBR 16149 must be followed, which deal with the minimum requirements for the connection interface with the photovoltaic system’s network, as well as ABNT NBR 16150 and also of ordinance n° 140 approved by the NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF METROLOGY, QUALITY, AND TECH- NOLOGY - INMETRO, which specify the test procedures to verify that the equipment used in the interface of the photovoltaic system is in accordance with the requirements of ABNT NBR 16149, therefore, the firmware of these devices needs to be properly designed. In this scenario, it is of fundamental importance to carry out tests in order to verify that the inverter and its control systems meet the normative requirements for connection to the grid. Thus, this work proposes the implementation of controllers and grid connection functionalities for a photovoltaic inverter, which will be validated through automatic tests using hardware-in- the-loop. The current controller implemented in this work is the FCS-MPC (Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control), This method performs the current forecast from the switching state vectors generating a cost function, from this, the vector is chosen that minimizes this function. After the implementation of the FCS-MPC, other control functionalities were im- plemented, such as synchronism, power control, control of the DC bus and MPPT, as well as functionalities for connecting to the electrical network according to ABNT and INMETRO standards.