A campanha da legalidade (1961) e o golpe civil-militar (1964) em Santa Maria-RS: uma perspectiva comparada

Abstract

The goal of this research is to realize an comparative analysis between the resistance movement occurred during the coup attempt in 1961, known as “Legality Campaign”, once it consisted in the constitutional legality reinvindication after the renounce of the former president Jânio Quadros, and the resistance after the civil-military coup that resulted in the fall of the president João Goulart in 1964. The central question of the present paper is to comprehend how this resistance occurred in Santa Maria, in Rio Grande do Sul, through the use of published newspaper in the city during that period of time. The analyzed newspaper is the A Razão, property of the Diários Associados, at the time, who followed the list of powerful press groups and allies of the coupist conspiration. The chosen cut was the months of August and September of 1961, and the months of March and April of 1964, allowing to analyze the days before the renounce, the Legality Campaign, João Goulart’s inauguration, in addition to the antecedents and continuations of the Coup, especially with regard to local events, but also the way in which national events were publicized in the city. To contextualize these press published events, it was used the work of historians that research the 1964 Coup. Furthermore, through the technique comparative history, it is expected that in the end of this research, it will be possible to understand not just the similarities between Legality Campaign and the post-coup resistance, but also the differences among these historical events, in order to understand the reason why the resistance, in 1961, was victorious in preventing the coup, in contrary of 1964, when it was the coup plotters who were successful.