A construção dos olhares sobre a loucura e implicações nos processos de cuidado em saúde mental

Abstract

The present work aims to discuss the perspectives on madness, placing it in its historical contexts, seeking to understand how the experience of madness has been captured by medical discourse. It is justified by the urgency to think about care strategies that encompass forms of existence that deviate from the norm. Its general objective is to problematize the ways of perceiving madness to contribute to the production of sensitive care. To achieve this, it has specific objectives: to understand the processes of pathologization of the experience of madness, resulting from rational thought; to reflect on madness beyond labels, as a singular life experience; and to analyze the movement of Psychiatric Reform and the creation of public policies, departing from the asylum logic and the proposal to create a new social place for madness. The methodology used is narrative literature review, allowing a broader reflection on such processes. For the proposal, authors who are reference in studies on madness, deinstitutionalization, and normality were used, as well as works that trace the history of movements that led to Psychiatric Reform. As results, it is observed that the notion of madness as a disease was created through captures of experience by reason, culminating in silence. To contribute to the construction of a new social place for it, it is proposed to question notions such as mental illness, cure, and normality, opening spaces for possibilities and the invisible, as part of the process of producing life and difference. It is considered that sensitivity and openness are key elements for promoting sensitive care, requiring reflection on the role of professionals in maintaining or eliminating mental asylums.