Avaliação dos fluxos superficiais noturnos de escalares através do método de balanço da camada limite atmosférica

Abstract

We report on three campaigns to measure the structure of the nocturnal boundary layer in cleared and forested areas near Santarém, PA, in 2001 and 2003. The aim was to describe the temporal evolution of wind and thermodynamic profiles in the stable surface layer and to use the accumulation of scalars, such as CO2 in the layer as a way to infer surface fluxes. This was deemed necessary because the frequent very calm conditions limited the validity of eddy covariance flux CO2 measurements at these sites at night. In 2001, tethered balloon observations were made at a pasture site. In 2003, this study was repeated, with a special balloon sonde deployed to measure CO2, temperature, humidity, and pressure. During the convective period just after sunrise, both the eddy covariance and accumulation flux estimation methods are valid and were compared. At night the key is to determine the thickness of the atmospheric layer to which nocturnal respiratory CO2 accumulates. In the forest at night the CO2 accumulation layer was basically constant and had a height of 32 m. The mean CO2 night flux (Fc) was estimated as 0.09(±0.02) mgCO2/m2s. The average CO2 accumulation rate was constant into de forest, decreased linearly with height form canopy height to 100-140 m high. These results are in agreement with the average profiles measured from forest flux towers. Over plowed field we found a larger CO2 accumulation layer at 60-80 m, reaching more then 100 m on some nights. The mean CO2 night flux was estimated Fc=0.20(±0.2) mgCO2/m2s. We found two shape of CO2 accumulation rate near the ground. Two nights the accumulation rate was basically constant with height, other four nights it decreased linearly with height, from the surface to 30-50 m high. The level what the accumulation rate is zero vary from 80 m to 135 m high.