Atividade anestésica e sedativa de produtos naturais no transporte de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

Abstract

The transport of live fish is one of the main activities developed in fish farms, causing many physiological, biochemical, and behavioral alterations that can be impairment to these animais, contributed to a reduction in the feed ingestion, growth, pathogens defense and, consequently, resulting in the higher mortality rate. In view of this, the objective was, firstly, assess the extracts of Condalia buxifolia as anesthetic in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and, also, verify the efficacy of the use of eugenol, the essential oil (EO) of Lippia alba and the methanolic extract (ME) of Condalia buxifolia during transport of silver catfish, through the following indicators: water, blood and biochemical parameters, survival and ionoregulatory balance. At the end of the experiments, it was observed that the ME of C. buxifolia in the concentration 0.5 to 120 μL L-1 range has the capacity to lightly sedate of fishes. In addition, in transport experiments, the concentrations of eugenol (1, 1.5, 2.5 or 3 μL L-1), EO of L. alba (10, 20, 30 or 40 μL L-1) and ME of C. buxifolia (5, 10, 25 or 50 μL L-1), regardless of the loading density (169.2, 186.7 or 275.1 g L-1) and transporting time (4, 12 or 6 h) were efficacy in decreasing ion loss, ammonia excretion and, also, mortality after transport. On the other hand, 30 μL L-1 of EO of L. alba caused an increase in plasma cortisol levels and, also, induced to the oxidative stress throught the increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl and decrease antioxidant defenses. Therefore, two new parameters (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonilation) can be considered as indicators of oxidative stress induced by anesthetics. Moreover, is recommended the anesthetics and sedatives for silver catfish transporting, because of the consistent results showed in this thesis.