Capacidade de coleta de três métodos de amostragem e tamanho de amostra para lagartas e percevejos em soja

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the caterpillar and stinkbug collection capability of sampling methods and to determine the sample size (number of sampling points) to estimate the number of caterpillars and stinkbugs collected by three sampling methods in soybean plants. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the Phytosanitary Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria on an area of 6.1 ha of soybean crop; a grid of 154 sample points was marked with a 20 × 20 m spacement. In each of these 154 points caterpillars of the species Anticarsia gemmatalis, Pseudoplusia includens and Spodoptera eridania (small, large and total) and stinkbugs of the species Dichelops furcatus, Piezodorus guildinii, Nezara viridula, Euschistus heros, Edessa meditabunda and Acrosternum hilare (nymphs, adults and total) were collected by means of beating cloth, wide beating cloth and vertical beat sheet sampling on 14 different soybeans growth stages, for a total of 6468 sample collections. For the study comparing the ability to collect samples, data were compared by Student t test (bilateral) for data paired in the 5% level of probability. Sample sizes (number of sampling points) were calculated to estimate the average number of caterpillars and stinkbugs. The number of caterpillars collected by means of sampling decreases in the following order: vertical beat sheet, wide beating cloth and beating cloth. The number of bugs collected from the wide beating cloth and vertical beat sheet sampling exceeded the number of bugs in the beating cloth sampling method. Sample size differed among the species collected, between growth phases (small and large) and between crop development stages. After stage V11, the sample size decreased significantly, reaching the lowest values at stage R4. In the Critical phases of culture (R3 and R4) 15 sample points are needed to quantify the population density of caterpillars on soybean plants. To estimate the average number of stinkbugs, 52 sampling points (estimation error of 20%) are sufficient for the beating cloth method. For the wide beating cloth and vertical beat sheet methods 27 sampling points are required (estimation error of 20%) in a soybean crop.