Flutuação diária e emissão acumulada de óxido nitroso após aplicação de dejetos de suínos sobre resíduos culturais de aveia em diferentes estágios de decomposição

Abstract

The application of pig slurry (PS) in agricultural areas, mostly grown under no-till, can cause a substantial increase in N losses by nitrous oxide emissions (N2O) into the atmosphere, both for the characteristics of the PS and for the straw kept on the ground at SPD. However, little is known about the influence of the biochemical composition of the straw used in no till on emissions of N2O, after the application of PS as well as on how the collecting system of this gas can affect the quantification of N2O emissions. Thus, two field studies were conducted. In the study I , was evaluated the influence of the sampling system on the measurements of N2O following the application of PS on black oat straw. In the Study II was evaluated the influence of stages of decomposition of black oat straw at full flowering (experiment 1) and harvest stages (experiment 2) on emissions of N2O, after application of 50 m3 ha-1 of PS. In study I , two experiments were conducted between January and February 2011, (experiment 1) in the experimental area of Irrigation and Drainage Department, in the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), and between September and October 2012 (experiment 2) in the experimental area of Zootecnic Department (UFSM). The N2O sampling were performed after the application of PS and irrigations at 2 h intervals for every 24 h. In the study II , two experiments were conducted between September and December 2012, in the experimental area of Zootecnic Department (UFSM). All treatments used in both experiments of the study II were arranged in a random block design with three replicates, as follows: T1- Soil (control); T2- PS surface (Soil + PS); T3- straw at time 0 + DLS surface (T0 + PS); T4- straw at time 1 + DLS surface (T1 + PS); T5- straw at time 2 + DLS surface (T2 + PS); T6- straw- at time 3 + DLS surface (T3 + PS); and T7- straw at time 4 + DLS surface (T4 + PS). In study I , the sampling system was influenced for the quantification of N2O emissions, indicating that the sampling during times when emissions are high, for example, in the first 6 hours there would be an overestimation of emissions, suggesting that a sampling 8 hours after the rain stopped would be the best time to estimate the cumulative N2O emission. In study II , in both experiments was observed that the application of PS over the straw increased N2O emissions to the atmosphere. However, in the conditions which this study was conducted, it was not possible to statistically distinguish N2O emissions in relation to different stages of decomposition of the oat straw.