Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofiahttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23922024-03-28T23:40:41Z2024-03-28T23:40:41ZA questão da inversão fenomenológica de Michel Henry: a fenomenalidade da vida e o ser como autoafecçãoPagnussat, Janessahttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/316392024-03-08T14:28:49Z2024-02-19T00:00:00ZA questão da inversão fenomenológica de Michel Henry: a fenomenalidade da vida e o ser como autoafecção
Pagnussat, Janessa
Grzibowski, Silvestre
The present work aims to defend the phenomenological inversion as a method to interpret the
question of the ego in the phenomenology of Michel Henry from the analysis of the
phenomenological method of Edmund Husserl. First, it will be presented the historicalconceptual assumptions for the conception of phenomenology in the history of philosophy,
especially with the emergence of the theory of Edmund Husserl. Given this, an approach of the
conceptual apparatus of Husserl’s phenomenology will be made from the material
Phenomenology of Michel Henry. At this point, some henryan objections will be brought to the
constitution of Transcendental Ego and especially to the intentional Husserlian method. In
addition, the thesis will seek the gaps that Henry points out in his theory in order to elucidate
the auto-assessment of being, the original ego, that is, the pure phenomenality that is donated
to the being of the ego. In this sense, from the Cartesian Meditations we will travel the inverse
path of being to its phenomena. It turns out that henryan phenomenology brings a new
interpretation from the ego cogito and that Husserl has not stopped at some understandings of
cartesian rational theory. Thus, we will resume the analysis of the cartesian cogito in order to
explain the beginning of being. Henry shows in Descartes that there is an original beginning
that historical phenomenology has failed to interpret. Therefore, this henryan return to
cartesianism presents two paths: if there is something that escapes thought as appearing original
and how escapes as immanent bestowal to being. The concepts of videre videor will become
important to describe the phenomenological seeing and feeling bringing the pure phenomenality
as an appearance originating from the ego’s being reinterpreting an anteriority to the Cartesian
cogito and that had not been brought by phenomenology until then. In this way, it becomes
necessary a study of being to its auto-assessment - auto-affection - as a revelation of
phenomenality. Immanence and non-intentionality become central concepts for the
interpretation of phenomenological matter and how the donation of these phenomena of being
occurs as auto-affection, in which the being is auto-affected in itself. In this perspective, it is
intended to bring the interpretation of affectivity as phenomenological matter and the principles
that the young Henry elucidates for the radicalization of his theory as an original
Phenomenology. The research will focus on how the donation of this pure phenomenality occurs
in the immanent structure of being, and it is only possible to understand the method from the
Material Phenomenology.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Tese
2024-02-19T00:00:00ZA complementariedade entre os princípios originais que distinguem os juízos analíticos e sintéticos elencados por KantBergamasco, Alexsandro de Souzahttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/315532024-02-21T14:52:20Z2023-09-25T00:00:00ZA complementariedade entre os princípios originais que distinguem os juízos analíticos e sintéticos elencados por Kant
Bergamasco, Alexsandro de Souza
Grzibowski, Silvestre
This thesis examines the possibility of complementarity between the principles of
distinction between analytical and synthetic judgments in Introduction B of the
second edition of Kant's The Critique of Pure Reason. The Kantian theory describes
that human knowledge is discursive. This means that there is noticing and classifying
characteristic notes of objects conceptually in a judgment. Judgments, as to their
justification, can be a priori or a posteriori. A priori judgments can be classified as
analytical or synthetic. Kant lists four principles of distinction between analytical and
synthetic judgments: Conceptual inclusion, non-contradiction, identity and conceptual
elucidation. The distinction has encountered controversies since the release of the
second edition of the Critique of Pure Reason, and it has been accompanied by
many subsequent debates about which criterion would be the most fundamental. The
thesis argues that Kant's four principles for distinguishing between analytic and
synthetic judgments complement each other in order to allow a return to the
originality of the distinction as elaborated by Kant himself.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Tese
2023-09-25T00:00:00ZO pluralismo ontológico à luz da fenomenologia-hermenêuticaDietrich, Gabriel Henriquehttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/311652024-01-18T13:01:50Z2023-09-29T00:00:00ZO pluralismo ontológico à luz da fenomenologia-hermenêutica
Dietrich, Gabriel Henrique
Reis, Róbson Ramos dos
The main objective of this study is to present and justify hermeneutic pluralism. Broadly speaking, hermeneutic pluralism is presented as a meta-ontological position according to which there are multiple irreducible ways of being. More specifically, this presentation finds its lines of justification in Being and Time and in the phenomenology-hermeneutics elaborated there. In summary, from the perspective articulated here, Heidegger's commitment to hermeneutic pluralism implies that the elucidation of ontological diversity involves a critical return to the understanding of being. Thus, the understanding of being offers the initial basis of support for the thesis that there are multiple irreducible ways of being. Generally, ways of being are interpreted in this work as ontological standards that establish the identity of the entities under which they are comprehensively projected. More specifically, these patterns involve the articulation of a triad of ontological constraints that concern the specific ways in which entities are individuated, their respective ways of determination and their respective modes of phenomenalization and donation. In order to contextualize Heidegger's pluralist reception, the first chapter introduces the contemporary meta-ontological turn and the debate between monism and ontological pluralism, which in this context are both quantificational. Thus, initially the thesis of the variety of modes is presented in the context of the dispute between Peter van Inwagen's neo-Quinean monism and Kris McDaniel's quantificational pluralism. To the extent that this context includes the attribution to Heidegger of the commitment to pluralism, the way to justify this attribution is critically examined. This critical examination results in the recognition that the quantificational proposal is insufficient, as it does not grant due centrality and importance for the understanding of being. Precisely with a view to overcoming this difficulty, the second chapter presents the methodological contours that establish the supporting ballast and guiding horizon of the ontological program of Being and Time as a whole. With these methodological elements in hand, the final chapter consists of the presentation of three modes of being through which entities receive their respective ontological identities, the horizons of meaning within which they are accessible as such. Thus, the ways of being of subsistence (Vorhandenheit), availability (Zuhandenheit) and existence (Existenz) are presented based on the triad of ontological conditioning factors involved in the projective understanding that articulates entities in their respective horizons of meaning, that is, each mode of being belongs to a specific way in which the entity obtains its characteristic determinations, its ways of giving and phenomenalization, and, finally, its respective mode of individuation. The interpretative line adopted here also offers resources to elucidate the complex relationship between time and being, which, although expressly stated in the title, is not fully developed in Heidegger's body of work. In summary, the interpretative hypothesis that the pluralist line of reception offers is that each way of being corresponds to a specific temporal framework, that is, in the understanding of being there is a determined temporal
framework. Considering that in Being and Time three concepts of time are recognized, namely, vulgar or common time, world time and original temporality, the interpretative hypothesis of this work seeks to demonstrate how the projective understanding of entities that subsist, are available or exist it takes root in each of these temporal frameworks. Ultimately, therefore, hermeneutic pluralism as presented in this study finds in temporality the ballast for inserting its lines of justification, seeking to do justice to the animating spirit of Being and Time.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Dissertação
2023-09-29T00:00:00ZA autonomia enquanto proposição fundamental da ética prudencial de epicuroZmijewski, Marcos Adrianohttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/305142023-11-16T15:53:01Z2023-10-06T00:00:00ZA autonomia enquanto proposição fundamental da ética prudencial de epicuro
Zmijewski, Marcos Adriano
Spinelli, Miguel
The goal of this thesis is to present the meaning and the connexions between the main ethical propositions of Epicurus. The core of the thesis has as its aim to demonstrate under which terms the philosopher conceived the conquest of ethical autonomy, by which he understands the human skill of governing one’s own life reaching the fulfilment of one’s nature and, within self-acceptance and in freedom, to live joyfully. The thesis is divided into two parts: i) in the first one, it is presented the links between philosophia, phrónêsis, pleasure and desire, under the assumption that Epicurus had founded his ethics in a strictly naturalistic basis, without forging abstract, utopian or even incompatible parameters with nature and human needs; ii) in the second one, the core of the studies rely on what Epicurus consider as principles of good living (which are: autárkeia, philía and láthe biósas). By analysing the meaning that each principle assumes in the epicurean doctrine (as well as the intersections with other concepts, such as autodidaxía, liberty and justice), the thesis aims to demonstrate how Epicurus made the wellness of the individual precede the needs of the polis in his ethos. The analysis is based on Epicurus remaining writings (epistles, maxims and sentences), in the texts of his disciples and also in the works of tradition (specially the critical tradition) that mention the issues approached in this thesis.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Tese
2023-10-06T00:00:00Z